Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 17th century and symbolizes making a great effort to think hard or remember something.

Meaning:
Making a great effort to think hard or remember something.

Usage:

1. She racked her brain trying to solve the puzzle.
2. He racked his brain to remember where he left his keys.
3. They racked their brains to come up with a solution.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Think hard," "Strain one's mind," "Ponder deeply"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to think hard or struggle mentally to solve a problem or remember something. The "rack" here metaphorically refers to the mental effort or strain, not a literal rack used for torture. It signifies exerting mental energy to recall or solve something, so the figurative meaning is key.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes accumulating or achieving something.

Meaning:
Accumulating or achieving something.

Usage:

1. He racked up a lot of frequent flyer miles last year.
2. She racked up several awards for her performance.
3. They racked up a significant amount of debt.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Accumulate," "Collect," "Gather"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the act of accumulating or amassing something, typically points, debts, or achievements. "Rack" here refers to a structure used to collect or store things (e.g., a rack for tallying scores), and the meaning remains tied to the literal process of accumulating, without a figurative leap.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes postponing or rescheduling an invitation or offer.

Meaning:
Postponing or rescheduling an invitation or offer.

Usage:

1. He took a rain check on their dinner invitation.
2. She asked for a rain check on the meeting due to a conflict.
3. They offered him a rain check when he couldn't attend the event.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Postpone," "Reschedule," "Delay"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal act of postponing or deferring something, often an invitation or offer. The term originally comes from a ticket given to someone at a sporting event, allowing them to return after a postponement. While it can imply a figurative meaning of delay or reschedule, its meaning is closely tied to the context of offering or deferring an opportunity.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes spoiling someone's plans or happiness.

Meaning:
Spoiling someone's plans or happiness.

Usage:

1. She didn't want to rain on his parade with the bad news.
2. He felt that the criticism rained on his parade.
3. They tried not to rain on her parade during her celebration.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Disappoint," "Spoil plans," "Dampen spirits"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to spoil or dampen someone’s happiness or plans. "Rain" here doesn't refer to literal weather but rather to a negative influence that ruins an otherwise joyful event or moment. The meaning cannot be derived directly from the individual words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes making a toast in honor of someone or something.

Meaning:
Making a toast in honor of someone or something.

Usage:

1. They raised a glass to celebrate the achievement.
2. She raised a glass in honor of her friend's birthday.
3. He raised a glass to toast their success.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Toast," "Salute," "Cheer"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it literally refers to the act of lifting a drink, typically in celebration or to make a toast. While it may be used metaphorically to signify celebrating something, the action itself is literal, and the connection to the words is clear and direct.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes causing a commotion or making a fuss about something.

Meaning:
Causing a commotion or making a fuss about something.

Usage:

1. He raised a stink about the unfair treatment.
2. She raised a stink when her order was incorrect.
3. They raised a stink over the new policy changes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make a fuss," "Complain loudly," "Cause an uproar"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to create a commotion or stir up trouble, often over something trivial. "Raise" here doesn't refer to a literal raising, and "stink" doesn’t mean an actual smell; instead, it signifies causing a disturbance or complaint. Thus, its meaning is figurative and cannot be understood just by the literal meaning of the words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes causing trouble or creating a disturbance.

Meaning:
Causing trouble or creating a disturbance.

Usage:

1. He raised Cain when he found out about the mistake.
2. She raised Cain during the meeting over the issue.
3. They raised Cain in the neighborhood with their antics.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Cause havoc," "Create trouble," "Make a ruckus"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to cause trouble or behave in a disorderly manner. "Cain" refers to the biblical character who committed a major transgression, and in this phrase, it symbolizes creating chaos or trouble. It cannot be interpreted from the literal meanings of the words, as it has a historical or cultural figurative context.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes causing surprise or disapproval.

Meaning:
Causing surprise or disapproval.

Usage:

1. His unconventional methods raised eyebrows.
2. She raised eyebrows with her bold fashion choices.
3. They raised eyebrows by questioning the authority.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Surprise," "Astonish," "Shock"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to cause surprise, shock, or curiosity, typically by doing something unexpected or controversial. "Raise" here doesn’t refer to the literal action of lifting eyebrows but to the figurative reaction of eliciting attention or shock, so the meaning cannot be directly inferred from the words alone.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes setting a higher standard or level of expectation.

Meaning:
Setting a higher standard or level of expectation.

Usage:

1. Her performance raised the bar for everyone else.
2. They raised the bar with their innovative approach.
3. He aimed to raise the bar in customer service.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Set higher standards," "Elevate expectations," "Improve benchmarks"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the act of setting a higher standard or expectation. "Bar" here refers to a figurative threshold or level of achievement, not the physical bar. While it is metaphorical, the meaning is clearly tied to the literal idea of setting a standard, making it more of a phrase than an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes making a lot of noise or causing a commotion.

Meaning:
Making a lot of noise or causing a commotion.

Usage:

1. The crowd raised the roof with their cheering.
2. She raised the roof at the party with her dancing.
3. They raised the roof when their team won the game.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make noise," "Celebrate loudly," "Cause a commotion"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to make a lot of noise or create excitement, typically through celebration or protest. "Raise" and "roof" here don't refer to physical actions but rather a figurative sense of causing an uproar or commotion. The phrase's meaning cannot be deduced from the individual words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes invoking a troubling or frightening prospect.

Meaning:
Invoking a troubling or frightening prospect.

Usage:

1. The report raised the specter of economic recession.
2. She raised the specter of layoffs during the meeting.
3. They raised the specter of conflict with their proposal.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Invoke fear," "Forewarn," "Propose danger"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to bring up or invoke a threat or concern, often something ominous. "Specter" refers to a ghost or haunting figure, but in the phrase, it is used metaphorically to indicate an issue or fear. The meaning is figurative, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes earning a lot of money.

Meaning:
Earning a lot of money.

Usage:

1. He raked in the dough with his new business.
2. She plans to rake in the dough with her innovative product.
3. They raked in the dough from their investments.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Earn big," "Make a fortune," "Bring in money"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to earn a large amount of money. "Rake" refers to the action of gathering or collecting something, and "dough" is slang for money. While "rake" is related to a literal tool used for gathering, the meaning of collecting money is figurative, so this phrase is an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes scolding or criticizing someone severely.

Meaning:
Scolding or criticizing someone severely.

Usage:

1. The boss raked him over the coals for the mistake.
2. She was raked over the coals for missing the deadline.
3. They raked him over the coals for his poor performance.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Scold harshly," "Criticize severely," "Reprimand"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to criticize or scold someone harshly. "Rake" refers to the metaphorical action of exposing someone to harsh treatment, and "coals" signifies a difficult or uncomfortable situation. The phrase cannot be understood from the literal meanings of the words alone.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes coming together to support someone or something.

Meaning:
Coming together to support someone or something.

Usage:

1. They rallied around their friend in times of need.
2. The community rallied around the cause.
3. She rallied around her colleagues during the crisis.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Support," "Come together," "Unite"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal or figurative act of coming together in support of a cause, person, or idea. While "rally" can have a figurative meaning of uniting or gathering, it remains closely tied to the idea of assembling or supporting in a clear, direct way.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes a slogan or phrase that encourages people to unite for a cause.

Meaning:
A slogan or phrase that encourages people to unite for a cause.

Usage:

1. Their rally cry motivated everyone to join the protest.
2. She shouted a rally cry to inspire her team.
3. They used a rally cry to gather supporters for the campaign.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Battle cry," "Call to arms," "Motivational slogan"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to a call or slogan that encourages people to unite or take action, often in a political or social context. The term "rally cry" refers directly to a motivating phrase used to inspire, with a clear connection to the words themselves, without a figurative leap.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes gathering people together for a common purpose, especially in times of difficulty.

Meaning:
Gathering people together for a common purpose, especially in times of difficulty.

Usage:

1. The manager rallied the troops to finish the project on time.
2. She rallied the troops for the charity event.
3. They rallied the troops to face the crisis.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Unite the team," "Gather support," "Mobilize group"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal or figurative act of gathering people together for a common purpose or cause, particularly in a moment of need. While the phrase can be used metaphorically to inspire action or support, the meaning is closely tied to the concept of mobilizing a group, which makes it more of a phrase than an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes the ordinary members of an organization, as opposed to its leaders.

Meaning:
The ordinary members of an organization, as opposed to its leaders.

Usage:

1. The rank and file supported the new policy.
2. She addressed the concerns of the rank and file.
3. They sought input from the rank and file employees.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Ordinary members," "Common workers," "Regular personnel"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it directly refers to the ordinary members of an organization, especially those who are not in leadership positions. The meaning comes from the literal use of "rank" (a level or position) and "file" (a line or orderly arrangement), and the expression doesn't rely on figurative meaning to be understood.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 17th century and symbolizes searching a place thoroughly, often causing disorder or damage.

Meaning:
Searching a place thoroughly, often causing disorder or damage.

Usage:

1. The burglars ransacked the place looking for valuables.
2. She ransacked the place trying to find her keys.
3. They ransacked the place in search of important documents.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Tear apart," "Search thoroughly," "Turn upside down"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to thoroughly search a place, often in a disorderly or destructive way. "Ransack" originally referred to the act of plundering or pillaging, which is an intense, figurative action, and the phrase carries that figurative meaning, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes being very eager or enthusiastic to start something.

Meaning:
Being very eager or enthusiastic to start something.

Usage:

1. He was raring to go on their adventure.
2. She was raring to go for her first day at work.
3. They were raring to go after the motivational speech.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Ready and eager," "Enthusiastic," "Excited"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to being eager or enthusiastic to start something. "Raring" refers to being eager or ready, which is clear from the literal meaning of the words. While the phrase conveys energy or excitement, the meaning is not figurative or non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes betraying someone by informing on them.

Meaning:
Betraying someone by informing on them.

Usage:

1. He ratted on his friend to avoid punishment.
2. She was accused of ratting on her coworkers.
3. They promised not to rat on each other.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Inform on," "Betray," "Snitch"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to inform on someone or betray them, usually to authorities. "Rat" in this context doesn't refer to the literal animal but rather to the idea of betraying or informing. It’s a figurative expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the same as the intended meaning.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes a competitive and exhausting routine, especially in a work or business environment.

Meaning:
A competitive and exhausting routine, especially in a work or business environment.

Usage:

1. He wanted to escape the rat race and find a simpler life.
2. She felt trapped in the rat race of corporate life.
3. They decided to take a break from the rat race to recharge.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hustle and bustle," "Daily grind," "Competitive struggle"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a competitive, exhausting, or futile situation, typically in the context of work or ambition. "Rat" in this case doesn’t refer to an actual rodent, but rather to the idea of people mindlessly racing in pursuit of success or material gain, making it figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes saying something quickly and effortlessly, often from memory.

Meaning:
Saying something quickly and effortlessly, often from memory.

Usage:

1. She rattled off the list of ingredients without hesitation.
2. He could rattle off statistics from memory.
3. They were impressed by how he rattled off the speech.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Recite quickly," "Speak rapidly," "Reel off"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the act of speaking or listing something quickly, often without much thought. "Rattle" in this case refers to something done in a rapid, mechanical way, and while the phrase can be used metaphorically, its meaning is closely tied to the literal concept of rapid speech.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes disturbing or irritating someone.

Meaning:
Disturbing or irritating someone.

Usage:

1. She knew how to rattle his cage with her remarks.
2. He was trying to rattle her cage with his teasing.
3. They rattle each other's cages constantly.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Irritate," "Annoy," "Disturb"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to disturb, irritate, or provoke someone. "Rattle" here doesn’t refer to a literal cage but to the idea of shaking or agitating someone's emotions or composure. The meaning goes beyond the literal interpretation of the words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes unfair treatment or a bad outcome.

Meaning:
Unfair treatment or a bad outcome.

Usage:

1. He felt he got a raw deal in the contract.
2. She received a raw deal from the company.
3. They knew it was a raw deal but had no choice.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Unfair treatment," "Bad bargain," "Unjust outcome"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to an unfair or unjust situation, especially when someone is treated poorly or taken advantage of. "Raw" here doesn’t refer to something uncooked, but rather to something harsh or undeserved. The phrase has a figurative meaning that cannot be understood from the literal words alone.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes understanding the hidden or underlying meaning of something.

Meaning:
Understanding the hidden or underlying meaning of something.

Usage:

1. She could read between the lines of his vague message.
2. He advised them to read between the lines of the report.
3. They needed to read between the lines to understand the real issue.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Interpret hidden meaning," "Understand subtleties," "See beyond the surface"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to understanding something that is not explicitly stated, often by interpreting subtle or hidden meanings. "Reading between the lines" is not a literal action of looking between physical lines of text but a figurative one, symbolizing deeper understanding. It can't be understood just from the literal meaning of the words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes understanding someone's thoughts or feelings easily.

Meaning:
Understanding someone's thoughts or feelings easily.

Usage:

1. She could read him like a book.
2. He read her like a book and knew she was upset.
3. They read each other like a book after years of friendship.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Understand fully," "Perceive easily," "Know intuitively"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to understand someone’s thoughts, feelings, or intentions easily. The phrase does not mean to literally read a person like you would a book, but rather to understand them deeply, which makes it non-literal and idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 18th century and symbolizes giving a severe warning or reprimand.

Meaning:
Giving a severe warning or reprimand.

Usage:

1. The manager read the employees the riot act about punctuality.
2. She read her children the riot act for breaking the rules.
3. They read the riot act to ensure compliance.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Warn sternly," "Rebuke," "Admonish"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to give someone a stern warning or reprimand, often before taking action. Similar to the previous example, "riot act" refers to a historical law but is used figuratively to indicate severe reprimand, rather than anything literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes being prepared and eager to do something.

Meaning:
Being prepared and eager to do something.

Usage:

1. She was ready and willing to help with the project.
2. He is always ready and willing to lend a hand.
3. They were ready and willing to take on the challenge.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Prepared and eager," "Willing and able," "Enthusiastic"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it simply refers to being prepared and enthusiastic about doing something. The meaning is directly tied to the words themselves, with no figurative or non-literal interpretation needed. It implies a straightforward readiness to act.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes being prepared to handle any situation that arises.

Meaning:
Being prepared to handle any situation that arises.

Usage:

1. She is always ready for anything that comes her way.
2. He packed his bag and was ready for anything on the trip.
3. They trained hard to be ready for anything in the competition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Prepared for all," "Equipped for anything," "Ready for whatever"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it indicates being fully prepared for any situation. The phrase uses literal words in a straightforward way to communicate preparedness and adaptability, without needing a non-literal interpretation.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes something that is genuine or authentic.

Meaning:
Something that is genuine or authentic.

Usage:

1. This vintage watch is the real McCoy.
2. She wanted to make sure the painting was the real McCoy.
3. They knew their new hire was the real McCoy.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Genuine article," "Real deal," "Authentic"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means the genuine or authentic version of something, especially when there are imitations. "McCoy" doesn’t refer to anything literal here; it symbolizes authenticity or the real deal, which makes this expression figurative rather than literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes enjoying the positive outcomes of one's efforts.

Meaning:
Enjoying the positive outcomes of one's efforts.

Usage:

1. She worked hard to reap the benefits of her labor.
2. He was excited to reap the benefits of his investment.
3. They planned to reap the benefits of their collaboration.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Enjoy rewards," "Benefit from," "Gain advantages"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to receiving rewards or advantages from previous actions or efforts. The word "reap" can metaphorically refer to gathering rewards, but it remains closely tied to the literal idea of collecting something, which makes it a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes experiencing the consequences of one's actions.

Meaning:
Experiencing the consequences of one's actions.

Usage:

1. He learned that you reap what you sow.
2. She realized she would reap what she sowed with her decisions.
3. They warned him that he would reap what he sowed.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Face consequences," "Get what's coming," "Suffer results"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means that the actions you take will determine the consequences you face, typically in a moral or ethical context. "Reap" and "sow" both come from agriculture, but in this phrase, they symbolize the idea of cause and effect, which is a figurative meaning.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes an unpleasant issue or problem appearing.

Meaning:
An unpleasant issue or problem appearing.

Usage:

1. The problem reared its ugly head during the meeting.
2. She hoped her past mistakes wouldn't rear their ugly heads.
3. They were prepared for any issues that might rear their ugly heads.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Surface," "Emerge," "Appear"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to appear, usually unexpectedly or unwelcome, often in the context of problems or issues. "Rear" and "ugly head" are figurative terms here, referring to something problematic or troublesome appearing, which makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes making small changes that do not solve a major problem.

Meaning:
Making small changes that do not solve a major problem.

Usage:

1. Their efforts were like rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic.
2. She realized she was just rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic.
3. They needed a real solution, not just rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Futile efforts," "Pointless changes," "Ineffective actions"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to making superficial or futile changes in the face of an inevitable failure or crisis. The phrase uses the image of rearranging deck chairs on the doomed Titanic as a metaphor for making insignificant adjustments in a hopeless situation, making it a figurative expression.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes something that distracts from the main issue.

Meaning:
Something that distracts from the main issue.

Usage:

1. His alibi was a red herring to throw off the investigation.
2. She realized the complaint was just a red herring.
3. They avoided the red herring and focused on the real problem.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Distraction," "Decoy," "False lead"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something that misleads or distracts from the actual issue or argument. "Red herring" originally referred to a type of smoked fish, but in this context, it is used figuratively to describe something intended to divert attention, making it a non-literal expression.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 18th century and symbolizes excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rules.

Meaning:
Excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rules.

Usage:

1. They faced a lot of red tape when applying for permits.
2. She was frustrated by the red tape at the office.
3. He tried to cut through the red tape to get things done.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Bureaucracy," "Administrative hurdles," "Formalities"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to excessive bureaucratic rules, regulations, or procedures that are perceived as unnecessary and time-consuming. "Red tape" literally refers to the colored tape used to bind official documents in the past, but its figurative meaning is about inefficiency, which makes it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes giving someone special or VIP treatment.

Meaning:
Giving someone special or VIP treatment.

Usage:

1. They gave her the red-carpet treatment at the event.
2. He was surprised by the red-carpet treatment he received.
3. She enjoyed the red-carpet treatment during her stay.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"VIP treatment," "Special attention," "Royal treatment"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to giving someone special, VIP treatment, often with luxury or high regard. While it’s a metaphor, the meaning of the phrase is closely tied to the literal image of a red carpet, which is used to welcome important guests, making it more of a phrase than a non-literal idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes a very important or memorable day.

Meaning:
A very important or memorable day.

Usage:

1. Graduation was a red-letter day for the students.
2. Her wedding day was a red-letter day in her life.
3. They marked the red-letter day on their calendar.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Important day," "Memorable occasion," "Significant event"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means a day that is memorable or special, often for a positive reason. "Red-letter" refers to the practice of marking special days with red ink on calendars, which gives the phrase a figurative meaning, going beyond the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes making someone cry.

Meaning:
Making someone cry.

Usage:

1. The sad movie reduced her to tears.
2. He was reduced to tears by the touching speech.
3. They were reduced to tears by the news.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make cry," "Move to tears," "Cause to weep"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to cause someone to cry, usually through emotional impact. The phrase is not about literal reduction but about the emotional effect of an experience, making it non-literal and idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes drawing someone or something in, often gradually.

Meaning:
Drawing someone or something in, often gradually.

Usage:

1. He tried to reel in more customers with promotions.
2. She reeled in the audience with her captivating story.
3. They worked to reel in investors for the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Attract," "Lure," "Draw in"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal action of pulling something (like a fishing line) back in, and it can also be used metaphorically to mean attracting or drawing something or someone in. The phrase retains a clear connection to the literal action of reeling in, making it a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being the most powerful or important.

Meaning:
Being the most powerful or important.

Usage:

1. She reigned supreme in the world of fashion.
2. The company reigned supreme in the industry.
3. He aimed to reign supreme in his field.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Dominate," "Rule," "Lead"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be the best or most dominant in a particular area. "Reign" refers to rule or dominance, and while it’s metaphorical in this context, the figurative meaning of ruling over something makes it idiomatic rather than literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 17th century and symbolizes controlling or limiting something.

Meaning:
Controlling or limiting something.

Usage:

1. They had to rein in their spending.
2. She worked to rein in her temper.
3. He was told to rein in his team's behavior.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Control," "Limit," "Restrain"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal action of controlling or restraining something, as with reins on a horse. While it can be used metaphorically to describe controlling or limiting actions or behaviors, its meaning is closely tied to the literal control implied by the word "rein."

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes wasting time by creating something that already exists.

Meaning:
Wasting time by creating something that already exists.

Usage:

1. They didn't want to reinvent the wheel, so they used existing solutions.
2. She advised against reinventing the wheel for the new project.
3. He realized they were reinventing the wheel with their approach.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Duplicate effort," "Waste time," "Redundant work"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to unnecessarily redo something that has already been done, usually in a more complicated way. "Reinventing the wheel" is not about actually creating a wheel again, but about making something unnecessarily complex, which is a non-literal use of the words.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes a person who has a wide range of knowledge or skills.

Meaning:
A person who has a wide range of knowledge or skills.

Usage:

1. He is considered a Renaissance man due to his expertise in art, science, and literature.
2. She admired him as a Renaissance man with his varied talents.
3. They called him a Renaissance man for his skills in multiple fields.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Polymath," "Multitalented," "Versatile worker"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a person who is skilled in a variety of fields or activities, typically excelling in multiple areas. The phrase evokes the image of someone like Leonardo da Vinci, but its figurative meaning is about versatile knowledge or skill, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 8th century and symbolizes a wish for someone who has died to have eternal peace.

Meaning:
A wish for someone who has died to have eternal peace.

Usage:

1. They said "rest in peace" at the funeral.
2. She wrote "rest in peace" on the memorial card.
3. He hoped his grandfather would rest in peace.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Rest easy," "Eternal rest," "Sleep peacefully"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it expresses the wish for someone who has passed away to be at peace. While "rest" and "peace" are literal words, the combined meaning refers to the concept of death and tranquility in the afterlife, which makes it non-literal and idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being satisfied with past achievements and not striving for more.

Meaning:
Being satisfied with past achievements and not striving for more.

Usage:

1. He can't rest on his laurels if he wants to stay competitive.
2. She refused to rest on her laurels after winning the award.
3. They advised him not to rest on his laurels and to keep improving.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Coast," "Slack off," "Take it easy"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to become complacent after past achievements instead of continuing to strive for new successes. "Laurels" refer to the leaves of a laurel tree, traditionally associated with honor, but in this phrase, it is figurative, representing past accomplishments and complacency.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes doing something in return for a kind act done by someone else.

Meaning:
Doing something in return for a kind act done by someone else.

Usage:

1. She returned the favor by helping him with his project.
2. He wanted to return the favor for her kindness.
3. They decided to return the favor and support their friend.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Repay," "Reciprocate," "Give back"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal or contextual action of repaying someone for a favor or kindness they have done. The meaning is closely tied to the individual words themselves, as it refers directly to reciprocating a favor or gesture.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes making the recipient of a telephone call pay for the call.

Meaning:
Making the recipient of a telephone call pay for the call.

Usage:

1. He had to reverse the charges to make the long-distance call.
2. She asked if she could reverse the charges when calling home.
3. They used to reverse the charges when making international calls.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Collect call," "Charge back," "Call back"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal act of having the recipient of a call (typically in telecommunications) pay for the charges. While it can be used metaphorically in certain contexts, the meaning is primarily linked to the straightforward action of charging someone for something on their behalf.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes something that is full of flaws or defects.

Meaning:
Something that is full of flaws or defects.

Usage:

1. His argument was riddled with holes.
2. She found the contract riddled with holes.
3. They realized their plan was riddled with holes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Full of flaws," "Defective," "Problematic"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be full of flaws, gaps, or problems, typically used when describing an argument or plan. "Riddle" refers to something being filled with holes, and this phrase is figuratively describing something as being full of imperfections, which is non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes keeping control or watch over something or someone.

Meaning:
Keeping control or watch over something or someone.

Usage:

1. He rode herd on the team to ensure they met the deadline.
2. She had to ride herd on her children during the trip.
3. They rode herd on the project to keep it on track.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Supervise," "Manage closely," "Oversee"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to supervise or manage a situation or group of people. "Herding" refers to the literal act of managing a group of animals, but in this case, it is used metaphorically to describe controlling or managing people or things, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes enduring a difficult situation until it passes.

Meaning:
Enduring a difficult situation until it passes.

Usage:

1. He decided to ride it out and wait for better times.
2. She rode it out despite the challenges.
3. They planned to ride out the storm together.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Endure," "Persevere," "Wait out"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it means to endure a difficult or unpleasant situation until it passes. The meaning is closely tied to the literal idea of riding through a storm or difficult time, so while it’s metaphorical, it retains a clear connection to the literal action.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes sitting in the front passenger seat of a vehicle.

Meaning:
Sitting in the front passenger seat of a vehicle.

Usage:

1. He called shotgun to ride in the front seat.
2. She preferred to ride shotgun during road trips.
3. They took turns riding shotgun on the journey.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Front seat," "Passenger seat," "Co-pilot seat"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to sit in the front passenger seat of a vehicle, typically next to the driver. "Shotgun" refers to the position historically held by an armed guard, but in this modern usage, it’s figurative, representing the act of sitting in the front seat, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes experiencing success or happiness.

Meaning:
Experiencing success or happiness.

Usage:

1. She was riding high after winning the award.
2. He was riding high with his successful business.
3. They were riding high on their recent achievements.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Successful," "On top of the world," "Thriving"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be experiencing success or happiness. The phrase uses "high" metaphorically to suggest a state of superiority or success, and while it may evoke images of literal height, its meaning is figurative, referring to being at the peak of success.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being in perfect health or condition.

Meaning:
Being in perfect health or condition.

Usage:

1. After the surgery, he was right as a trivet.
2. She felt right as a trivet after the rest.
3. They were back to being right as a trivet after recovering.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Perfectly healthy," "In great shape," "Fit as a fiddle"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it means to be perfectly fine or in a stable position, with the phrase likely stemming from the stability of a trivet (a stand for hot cookware). The expression uses "trivet" in a more literal way to suggest steadiness or being in the correct position, which makes it a phrase rather than an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes being perfectly fine or healthy.

Meaning:
Being perfectly fine or healthy.

Usage:

1. He was right as rain after the treatment.
2. She assured them she was right as rain.
3. They were right as rain after the issue was resolved.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Perfectly fine," "In good health," "All right"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be in a state of good health or condition. The phrase "right as rain" uses "rain" metaphorically to imply correctness or well-being, rather than referring to the literal state of rain. The connection is figurative, making this an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes doing something immediately or without delay.

Meaning:
Doing something immediately or without delay.

Usage:

1. She started working right off the bat.
2. He knew the answer right off the bat.
3. They made the decision right off the bat.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Immediately," "Straightaway," "Without delay"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means immediately or at the very beginning. While "bat" in sports like baseball refers to an object used in the game, the phrase as a whole has a figurative meaning relating to the immediate start of an action, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes something that sounds familiar or reminds one of something.

Meaning:
Something that sounds familiar or reminds one of something.

Usage:

1. His name rings a bell, but I can't place him.
2. The story rang a bell from something she read before.
3. They heard a phrase that rang a bell from their childhood.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Sound familiar," "Recall," "Remember"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to cause a memory or recognition, even if only vaguely. The phrase metaphorically refers to something that triggers a familiar thought but not clearly enough to fully remember, making it figurative and idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes something that seems insincere or unconvincing.

Meaning:
Something that seems insincere or unconvincing.

Usage:

1. His apology rang hollow to the audience.
2. She felt his compliments rang hollow.
3. They realized the promises rang hollow without action.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Unconvincing," "Insincere," "Empty words"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something that sounds insincere, unconvincing, or not genuine. While "ring" may refer to an actual sound, the figurative meaning of something sounding hollow is non-literal, making this phrase an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being ready or in the ideal condition for action or harvesting.

Meaning:
Being ready or in the ideal condition for action or harvesting.

Usage:

1. The market is ripe for the picking for new businesses.
2. She felt that the opportunity was ripe for the picking.
3. They knew the fruits were ripe for the picking.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Ready for harvest," "Prime for taking," "Ideal condition"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something being ready or in the ideal state for action, such as making a decision or seizing an opportunity. "Ripe" and "picking" are literal, but the meaning here is metaphorical, referring to an optimal moment for action, which makes it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes waking up and getting out of bed energetically.

Meaning:
Waking up and getting out of bed energetically.

Usage:

1. She called out, "Rise and shine!" to wake her children.
2. He always says "rise and shine" to start his day.
3. They told the campers to rise and shine early.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Wake up," "Get up," "Start the day"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to wake up and start being active, often used as a cheerful or motivating phrase. The phrase uses "rise" and "shine" metaphorically to encourage someone to begin their day, not in a literal sense, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes energetic movement or music genre.

Meaning:
Energetic movement or music genre.

Usage:

1. The band played classic rock and roll all night.
2. She felt the need to rock and roll after hearing the news.
3. They loved dancing to rock and roll music.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Move energetically," "Dance," "Music genre"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal genre of music, but it is also used metaphorically to refer to something energetic, exciting, or dynamic. The phrase's use is closely tied to the literal genre, making it more of a phrase than a non-literal idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes reaching the lowest possible point.

Meaning:
Reaching the lowest possible point.

Usage:

1. He hit rock bottom after losing his job.
2. She felt like she was at rock bottom during her struggles.
3. They realized their finances were at rock bottom.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Lowest point," "Bottom," "Nadir"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the lowest point of a situation or condition, either physically or emotionally. While "rock" and "bottom" have literal meanings, the combination is figurative, referring to the lowest state or condition one can reach, which makes it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes causing trouble or creating a disturbance.

Meaning:
Causing trouble or creating a disturbance.

Usage:

1. He didn't want to rock the boat by suggesting changes.
2. She was afraid to rock the boat with her opinions.
3. They knew it was risky to rock the boat during the meeting.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Cause trouble," "Stir up," "Disrupt"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to disrupt the status quo or cause trouble in a situation. The phrase metaphorically uses "rock" to imply shaking or causing instability, but it does not literally refer to a boat, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes caring for or nurturing a child.

Meaning:
Caring for or nurturing a child.

Usage:

1. She loved to rock the cradle and sing lullabies.
2. He took turns with his wife to rock the cradle.
3. They found joy in rocking the cradle for their newborn.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Care for a baby," "Nurture," "Soothe"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal act of moving a cradle back and forth to soothe a baby. While it could be used metaphorically in certain contexts, it is generally tied to the literal action of rocking a cradle, making it more of a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes a difficult or challenging path.

Meaning:
A difficult or challenging path.

Usage:

1. They faced a rocky road in their relationship.
2. She knew the journey to success would be a rocky road.
3. He was prepared for the rocky road ahead in his career.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Challenging path," "Difficult journey," "Tough road"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to a literal or metaphorical path that is difficult or challenging. While "rocky road" can be used in a figurative sense to describe a situation or journey full of difficulties, the meaning is still closely tied to the individual words, as the phrase draws from the idea of a road being physically rough or uneven, which can be extended to life situations.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes giving someone special treatment or a warm welcome.

Meaning:
Giving someone special treatment or a warm welcome.

Usage:

1. They rolled out the red carpet for the visiting dignitaries.
2. She felt honored when they rolled out the red carpet for her.
3. He enjoyed the red carpet treatment at the event.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"VIP treatment," "Special welcome," "Royal treatment"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it literally refers to laying down a red carpet to welcome an important guest. While it has a metaphorical meaning of giving someone special treatment, it is more closely tied to the literal action of unrolling the carpet, making it a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes taking a chance or making a risky decision.

Meaning:
Taking a chance or making a risky decision.

Usage:

1. He decided to roll the dice and start his own business.
2. She rolled the dice on the investment opportunity.
3. They were willing to roll the dice for a big reward.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Take a chance," "Gamble," "Risk"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to take a chance or gamble, implying uncertainty and risk. While "dice" refers to actual objects used in games, the phrase has a figurative meaning about taking a risk, making it non-literal and idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes adapting to difficult situations or challenges.

Meaning:
Adapting to difficult situations or challenges.

Usage:

1. He learned to roll with the punches in his job.
2. She advised her friend to roll with the punches.
3. They had to roll with the punches during the crisis.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Adapt," "Cope," "Be flexible"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to adapt to difficult situations or handle challenges without being knocked down. "Punches" here are metaphorical, referring to hardships or setbacks, and the phrase is not about literal punches, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes having enough space or flexibility to make decisions or changes.

Meaning:
Having enough space or flexibility to make decisions or changes.

Usage:

1. The new policy gave them room to maneuver.
2. She needed room to maneuver in her role.
3. They felt constrained and lacked room to maneuver.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Flexibility," "Leeway," "Freedom"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal or contextual space or freedom to move or adjust one's position. The meaning is more closely tied to the literal idea of having space, though it can be used metaphorically, making it a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes something that is thorough and complete.

Meaning:
Something that is thorough and complete.

Usage:

1. They made root and branch reforms in the company.
2. She believed in making root and branch changes to the system.
3. He supported a root and branch overhaul of the policy.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Thorough," "Complete," "Comprehensive"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the comprehensive or thorough approach to something, like addressing an issue from its foundation to its outward expression. The phrase metaphorically connects to the idea of addressing everything, but its meaning is tied to the literal imagery of "root" and "branch."

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes the fundamental reason for a problem.

Meaning:
The fundamental reason for a problem.

Usage:

1. They investigated the root cause of the issue.
2. She wanted to address the root cause of the conflict.
3. He identified the root cause of the malfunction.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Fundamental reason," "Primary cause," "Underlying issue"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the primary or underlying reason for something. While "root" suggests something foundational, the meaning is directly linked to the concept of causality, making it a phrase rather than an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes persuading someone to join or participate in something.

Meaning:
Persuading someone to join or participate in something.

Usage:

1. She roped him into helping with the event.
2. He was roped into joining the committee.
3. They roped her in for the fundraising campaign.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Persuade," "Convince," "Recruit"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to convince or manipulate someone into participating in something. The phrase uses "rope" metaphorically, not literally, to describe an act of capturing or bringing someone into a situation, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes seeing things in an overly optimistic way.

Meaning:
Seeing things in an overly optimistic way.

Usage:

1. She viewed the situation through rose-colored glasses.
2. He tends to see the world with rose-colored glasses.
3. They realized they were wearing rose-colored glasses about the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overly optimistic," "Idealistic," "Naive perspective"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to seeing things in an overly optimistic or unrealistic way. While the literal meaning of "rose-colored" refers to a tint, the phrase figuratively refers to a biased or overly positive perspective, making it non-literal and idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes a situation that is chaotic and involves a lot of fighting or competition.

Meaning:
A situation that is chaotic and involves a lot of fighting or competition.

Usage:

1. The election campaign turned into a rough and tumble affair.
2. The kids' playtime became rough and tumble very quickly.
3. He thrived in the rough and tumble world of finance.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Chaotic," "Competitive," "Fierce"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to a chaotic or disorderly situation, often associated with physical altercations or energetic activity. While "rough" and "tumble" can be used figuratively, the phrase retains a clear connection to the idea of physical conflict or chaotic movement, making it more of a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes a collective show of appreciation by clapping.

Meaning:
A collective show of appreciation by clapping.

Usage:

1. The audience gave a round of applause after the performance.
2. She received a round of applause for her speech.
3. They ended the meeting with a round of applause for the team.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Clapping," "Ovations," "Cheers"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal act of clapping as a form of recognition or approval. While it can carry a metaphorical meaning in the context of praise, the phrase is closely tied to the physical action of applauding, making it more of a phrase than an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes buying a set of drinks for a group of people.

Meaning:
Buying a set of drinks for a group of people.

Usage:

1. He ordered a round of drinks for his friends.
2. She bought a round of drinks to celebrate the promotion.
3. They enjoyed a round of drinks at the bar.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Set of drinks," "Treat," "Buy drinks"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal action of buying or serving a set of drinks to a group of people. It may have a social or metaphorical implication of generosity, but the meaning is more closely tied to the literal words describing a group of drinks being ordered, making it a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 18th century and symbolizes a tournament or sequence where each participant plays all others.

Meaning:
A tournament or sequence where each participant plays all others.

Usage:

1. The round robin tournament ensured everyone played each other.
2. They organized a round robin to determine the best player.
3. She participated in a round robin chess competition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"All-play-all," "Tournament format," "Circular competition"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a system or process, often in a sports tournament or meeting, where each participant takes turns in a cyclic order. The term "round robin" does not derive its meaning directly from the individual words but has evolved into a figurative expression, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes becoming crazy or losing one's sanity.

Meaning:
Becoming crazy or losing one's sanity.

Usage:

1. The stress of work nearly drove him round the bend.
2. She thought she was going round the bend with all the noise.
3. They joked that the long project was sending them round the bend.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Go crazy," "Lose sanity," "Go mad"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to go mad or crazy, typically as a result of stress or pressure. The phrase metaphorically uses "bend" to suggest a breaking point or a turning point in one’s sanity, making it non-literal and idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes associating or mingling with influential or famous people.

Meaning:
Associating or mingling with influential or famous people.

Usage:

1. He loves to rub elbows with celebrities at events.
2. She had the chance to rub elbows with industry leaders.
3. They rubbed elbows with politicians at the gala.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Mingle," "Associate," "Socialize with"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to associate or socialize with people, especially those of a higher status or in influential circles. The literal meaning of rubbing elbows is not what the phrase conveys, as it refers figuratively to social interaction, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes making a painful experience even worse.

Meaning:
Making a painful experience even worse.

Usage:

1. Losing the game was bad enough, but his comments rubbed salt in the wound.
2. She felt his criticism rubbed salt in the wound after her failure.
3. They didn't want to rub salt in the wound by mentioning her mistake.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make worse," "Aggravate," "Exacerbate"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to make a bad situation worse by adding insult to injury. The phrase uses "salt" and "wound" metaphorically to describe the act of aggravating someone’s pain or difficulty, rather than referring to the literal application of salt, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 17th century and symbolizes a general principle based on experience or practice.

Meaning:
A general principle based on experience or practice.

Usage:

1. As a rule of thumb, you should save at least 10% of your income.
2. The rule of thumb is to check the oil level every month.
3. They followed the rule of thumb when planning the budget.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"General guideline," "Basic principle," "Common practice"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a general principle or guideline based on experience or practice, rather than exact science or rules. The term "thumb" here does not literally refer to the body part but metaphorically suggests an approximate or general method, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes being in charge or dominant in a particular place.

Meaning:
Being in charge or dominant in a particular place.

Usage:

1. She ruled the roost at home and made all the decisions.
2. He likes to rule the roost in the office.
3. They ruled the roost in their social circle.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be in charge," "Dominate," "Lead"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be the dominant person or leader in a situation. The phrase uses "roost" metaphorically to refer to a place or domain where authority is exercised, making it figurative rather than literal, thus it is an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes that something is being said or rumored.

Meaning:
That something is being said or rumored.

Usage:

1. Rumor has it that the company is planning layoffs.
2. She heard that rumor has it he's moving to another city.
3. They said rumor has it that she's getting a promotion.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Gossip," "Word on the street," "Hearsay"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the act of hearing or spreading gossip or unverified information. While it may suggest a figurative meaning, the phrase is still closely tied to the literal action of a rumor being passed around, making it more of a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes preparing a bath.

Meaning:
Preparing a bath.

Usage:

1. She ran a bath to relax after a long day.
2. He decided to run a bath for his partner.
3. They ran a bath with bubbles and candles.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Prepare a bath," "Fill the tub," "Draw a bath"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal action of preparing a bath by filling a tub with water. The meaning is closely tied to the literal words and context of preparing for a bath, so it is a phrase rather than an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes wanting to avoid something or someone.

Meaning:
Wanting to avoid something or someone.

Usage:

1. He would run a mile at the mention of commitment.
2. She wanted to run a mile from the awkward situation.
3. They would run a mile from any sort of responsibility.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Avoid," "Dodge," "Steer clear of"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal act of running a specific distance of one mile. Although it may be used metaphorically to express effort or endurance, the phrase is directly tied to the action of running, making it a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes facing the possibility of a negative outcome.

Meaning:
Facing the possibility of a negative outcome.

Usage:

1. They knew they were running a risk by investing in the startup.
2. She ran a risk by speaking out against the policy.
3. He was aware of the risks he was running with his decisions.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Take a chance," "Face danger," "Risk"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal action of engaging in a risky situation or activity. While "run" can be used figuratively in other contexts, here it directly refers to the act of encountering risk, so it is a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes managing something very efficiently and effectively.

Meaning:
Managing something very efficiently and effectively.

Usage:

1. She runs a tight ship in her department.
2. He is known for running a tight ship at the restaurant.
3. They run a tight ship and expect high standards from everyone.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Efficient management," "Strict control," "Effective leadership"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to manage or organize something efficiently and strictly. The phrase uses "tight ship" metaphorically to describe efficient management, not the literal meaning of a ship, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes getting into trouble or conflict with someone or something.

Meaning:
Getting into trouble or conflict with someone or something.

Usage:

1. He ran afoul of the law with his actions.
2. She ran afoul of the company's policies.
3. They ran afoul of their neighbors with their loud parties.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Conflict with," "Get into trouble," "Offend"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to get into trouble or conflict, particularly with rules or authority. The phrase "run afoul" does not literally refer to running but uses "afoul" to describe figurative conflict, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes behaving uncontrollably and disruptively.

Meaning:
Behaving uncontrollably and disruptively.

Usage:

1. The children ran amok in the playground.
2. He feared the protest might run amok.
3. They watched as the crowd ran amok after the announcement.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Go wild," "Act crazily," "Lose control"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to behave in a chaotic or uncontrollable way. The phrase uses "amok" to represent disorderly behavior, making it non-literal and figurative, which qualifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes outdoing or outperforming someone.

Meaning:
Outdoing or outperforming someone.

Usage:

1. She could run circles around her competitors.
2. He ran circles around everyone in the test.
3. They ran circles around the other team in the match.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Outperform," "Surpass," "Excel"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to outperform or outmaneuver someone by a large margin. The phrase does not refer to the literal act of running in circles but uses the metaphor of circling to convey superiority in skill or ability, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes feeling tired or exhausted.

Meaning:
Feeling tired or exhausted.

Usage:

1. She felt run down after a long week.
2. He looked run down from all the work.
3. They were run down and needed a break.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Exhausted," "Worn out," "Fatigued"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to reduce or wear something out, or it can refer to someone becoming exhausted. "Run down" uses the words figuratively to indicate deterioration, either of energy or condition, rather than referring to literal running, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes seeking protection from danger.

Meaning:
Seeking protection from danger.

Usage:

1. They ran for cover during the storm.
2. She had to run for cover when the shooting started.
3. He told everyone to run for cover in the emergency.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Seek shelter," "Take refuge," "Hide"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to seek protection, typically in response to danger or conflict. "Cover" here refers metaphorically to safety or refuge, not to literal physical cover, making it figurative and idiomatic.

Origin:
Fleeing from danger or trouble.

Meaning:
Fleeing from danger or trouble.

Usage:

1. When he saw the trouble coming, he ran for the hills.
2. She wanted to run for the hills when she heard the news.
3. They decided to run for the hills to avoid the conflict.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Escape," "Flee," "Get away"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to flee quickly, typically in response to danger. The phrase uses "hills" metaphorically to represent a place of safety or refuge, not the literal act of running toward hills, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes a trait or characteristic common among family members.

Meaning:
A trait or characteristic common among family members.

Usage:

1. Musical talent runs in the family.
2. They have a history of medical issues that run in the family.
3. She believes creativity runs in the family.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Inherited trait," "Family characteristic," "Genetic"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means a characteristic or trait is shared by members of a family, often across generations. "Run" is used metaphorically here to describe inheritance or shared traits, not referring to literal running, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes protecting or assisting someone.

Meaning:
Protecting or assisting someone.

Usage:

1. He ran interference to help his friend avoid trouble.
2. She asked him to run interference during the meeting.
3. They ran interference to support their colleague.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Assist," "Protect," "Shield"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to act as a barrier or obstacle, often in a figurative sense, to prevent someone from achieving their goal. It does not refer to the literal act of "running" or "interfering" but uses "run" metaphorically to convey the idea of obstruction, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes something ordinary or unremarkable.

Meaning:
Something ordinary or unremarkable.

Usage:

1. The movie was just run of the mill.
2. She didn't want a run of the mill gift.
3. They found the service to be run of the mill.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Ordinary," "Average," "Commonplace"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something that is average or unremarkable. The phrase refers to a factory's production of ordinary items and does not literally describe running or milling but figuratively conveys the idea of something being typical, not extraordinary, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes talking excessively.

Meaning:
Talking excessively.

Usage:

1. He tends to run off at the mouth during meetings.
2. She was running off at the mouth about her weekend plans.
3. They were annoyed by his habit of running off at the mouth.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Talk too much," "Blabber," "Chatter"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to speak too much, especially in a way that is thoughtless or excessive. The phrase uses "run" figuratively to convey the idea of someone talking endlessly, rather than referring to actual running, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes continuing to operate despite a lack of energy or resources.

Meaning:
Continuing to operate despite a lack of energy or resources.

Usage:

1. He felt like he was running on empty after the long day.
2. She was running on empty but kept pushing forward.
3. They managed to complete the project despite running on empty.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Exhausted," "Depleted," "Running low"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to continue functioning despite being exhausted or lacking resources, especially energy. The phrase uses "empty" metaphorically to describe a state of depletion, not the literal idea of running on empty, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes losing energy or motivation.

Meaning:
Losing energy or motivation.

Usage:

1. He ran out of gas halfway through the marathon.
2. She ran out of gas and couldn't finish her work.
3. They felt like they were running out of gas towards the end of the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Fatigue," "Exhaustion," "Burnout"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to lose energy or momentum, either physically or figuratively. While it may be understood in the context of a car running out of fuel, it is metaphorically applied to human effort or resources, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes losing energy or momentum.

Meaning:
Losing energy or momentum.

Usage:

1. They ran out of steam before finishing the presentation.
2. She ran out of steam and had to take a break.
3. He felt like he was running out of steam after hours of work.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Tire out," "Lose momentum," "Become fatigued"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to lose energy or enthusiasm over time. The phrase uses "steam" metaphorically to refer to the power or momentum of a person or process, not to the literal use of steam, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes outperforming someone by a large margin.

Meaning:
Outperforming someone by a large margin.

Usage:

1. She ran rings around her opponents in the debate.
2. He ran rings around his competitors with his skills.
3. They ran rings around the other team in the game.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Outperform," "Outclass," "Surpass"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to outperform or outsmart someone by a significant margin. The phrase does not refer to actual running in circles but uses the metaphor of running circles to indicate superiority, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes facing a series of difficulties or challenges.

Meaning:
Facing a series of difficulties or challenges.

Usage:

1. He had to run the gauntlet of interviews to get the job.
2. She felt like she was running the gauntlet with all the tests.
3. They ran the gauntlet of obstacles to achieve their goal.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Face challenges," "Overcome obstacles," "Endure trials"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to facing a series of challenges or tests, often with the expectation of difficulty. "Gauntlet" refers metaphorically to a harsh trial or ordeal, and the phrase does not describe the literal act of running, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes being in charge or in control of something.

Meaning:
Being in charge or in control of something.

Usage:

1. She ran the show at the conference.
2. He likes to run the show in his projects.
3. They trusted him to run the show smoothly.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Lead," "Manage," "Direct"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be in control or to lead a situation or event. The phrase uses "show" metaphorically to refer to the management or direction of an event, not to a literal performance, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes finding someone or something after a thorough search.

Meaning:
Finding someone or something after a thorough search.

Usage:

1. The detective ran the suspect to ground after weeks of searching.
2. She finally ran her lost keys to ground under the couch.
3. They ran the issue to ground and fixed the problem.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Track down," "Locate," "Uncover"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to track down or find something, often after a lengthy pursuit. The phrase does not refer to actual running or the ground itself but uses these terms metaphorically to suggest a search or conclusion, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 18th century and symbolizes behaving uncontrollably or freely.

Meaning:
Behaving uncontrollably or freely.

Usage:

1. The children ran wild at the park.
2. He allowed his imagination to run wild during the brainstorming session.
3. They ran wild with excitement at the concert.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Go wild," "Act freely," "Behave uncontrollably"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to behave in an uncontrolled or unruly manner. The phrase uses "wild" metaphorically to describe disorderly behavior, not the literal act of running in the wild, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes continuing to operate despite a lack of energy or resources.

Meaning:
Continuing to operate despite a lack of energy or resources.

Usage:

1. She felt like she was running on empty after the long week.
2. He kept working even though he was running on empty.
3. They were running on empty but pushed through to meet the deadline.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Exhausted," "Depleted," "Out of energy"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it describes a situation where someone continues to operate despite being exhausted or lacking resources. The phrase uses "empty" metaphorically to signify a lack of energy or resources, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes beginning something with an advantage.

Meaning:
Beginning something with an advantage.

Usage:

1. He got a running start on his career with the internship.
2. She had a running start on the project thanks to her research.
3. They gave the new team member a running start with proper training.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Head start," "Early advantage," "Initial boost"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to starting an activity with momentum, often giving an advantage. While it can carry a metaphorical meaning, it is closely tied to the literal idea of starting with speed or force, making it a phrase rather than an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes a sudden urge or impulse.

Meaning:
A sudden urge or impulse.

Usage:

1. In a rush of blood, he decided to quit his job.
2. She had a rush of blood and bought the expensive dress.
3. They experienced a rush of blood and took the risky investment.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Impulse," "Sudden urge," "Momentary decision"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a sudden feeling of intense emotion, often linked to an impulsive action or behavior. "Rush" is used metaphorically to describe a sudden surge of emotion or action, not the literal flow of blood, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes something that is old, worn, or not functioning smoothly.

Meaning:
Something that is old, worn, or not functioning smoothly.

Usage:

1. The rusty hinges on the door made it hard to open.
2. She oiled the rusty hinges to make the gate move smoothly.
3. They heard the rusty hinges creak as they entered the old house.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Old," "Worn out," "Not functioning smoothly"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to the literal state of hinges that have not been used for a while and are now stiff or creaky. While it could carry metaphorical meaning, it directly describes the condition of the hinges, making it a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes being extremely effective and not concerned with niceties.

Meaning:
Being extremely effective and not concerned with niceties.

Usage:

1. He managed the project with ruthless efficiency.
2. She was known for her ruthless efficiency in meeting deadlines.
3. They admired his ruthless efficiency in solving problems.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Highly effective," "Uncompromising," "Determined"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it describes the quality of being highly efficient without regard for sentiment or compassion. It does not have a figurative meaning beyond the literal interpretation of being extremely efficient and focused, making it a phrase.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes a facial expression showing both amusement and irony.

Meaning:
A facial expression showing both amusement and irony.

Usage:

1. He gave a rye smile when he heard the ironic comment.
2. She couldn't help but have a rye smile after the unexpected turn of events.
3. They exchanged rye smiles during the humorous speech.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Knowing smile," "Ironic smile," "Wry grin"

Justifications:
This is a phrase because it refers to a smile that may suggest something sly, mischievous, or knowing. While "rye" may imply a certain type of smile, the phrase is more directly tied to a particular type of expression, making it a phrase rather than an idiom.