Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, primarily in American English, symbolizing the act of carrying a firearm. It comes from the slang term "heat" referring to a gun.

Meaning:
To carry a firearm.

Usage:

1. He was known to pack heat in dangerous neighborhoods.
2. She suspected that he was packing heat for protection.
3. They warned him not to pack heat in public places.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Carry a gun," "Be armed," "Carry a weapon."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to carry a firearm, which cannot be deduced from the individual words alone. "Heat" in this context is a metaphor for a weapon, and the idiom does not directly suggest carrying a literal "heat" but rather refers to an action associated with danger or defense.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes quitting or stopping an activity.

Meaning:
To quit or stop an activity.

Usage:

1. After many attempts, he decided to pack it in and try something else.
2. She packed it in and went home early.
3. They packed it in after realizing the project was going nowhere.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Give up," "Call it quits," "Stop"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to stop or give up, especially after attempting something for a period of time. It doesn’t literally refer to "packing" something in a container but uses it metaphorically to suggest ending or quitting an activity.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being independent or self-reliant.

Meaning:
To be independent or self-reliant.

Usage:

1. After many attempts, he decided to pack it in and try something else.
2. She packed it in and went home early.
3. They packed it in after realizing the project was going nowhere.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Give up," "Call it quits," "Stop"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be independent or self-sufficient, especially in decision-making or solving problems. The metaphor of "paddling one's own canoe" suggests taking personal responsibility, not a literal interpretation of paddling.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being paid very little money. It comes from the idea of being paid an amount so small it is almost insignificant, like peanuts.

Meaning:
To be paid very little money.

Usage:

1. He quit the job because he was paid peanuts.
2. She complained that they were paid peanuts for their hard work.
3. They realized they were paid peanuts compared to other companies.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Underpaid," "Low wages," "Poorly compensated."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be paid very little for work, which cannot be inferred from the literal words. While "peanuts" are small and inexpensive, the idiom uses this in a figurative sense to convey low wages, rather than literally referring to the food.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of being very annoying or troublesome. It comes from the idea of a literal pain in a sensitive area being very bothersome.

Meaning:
To be very annoying or troublesome.

Usage:

1. He is such a pain in the ass with his constant complaints.
2. She found the paperwork to be a real pain in the ass.
3. They said the traffic was a pain in the ass during rush hour.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Annoying," "Troublesome," "Nuisance."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to something or someone that is very annoying or troublesome. The idiom cannot be understood literally, as a physical pain in the ass is not the intended meaning. It conveys irritation or difficulty, making the connection non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being annoying or troublesome. It is a milder version of "pain in the ass."

Meaning:
To be annoying or troublesome.

Usage:

1. Dealing with him can be a real pain in the neck.
2. She thought the task was a pain in the neck.
3. They described the delay as a pain in the neck.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Annoying," "Troublesome," "Nuisance."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to something or someone that is irritating or troublesome. The idiom uses "neck" as a metaphor for annoyance or discomfort, rather than literal pain in the neck, and thus cannot be understood from the individual words alone.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the 19th century and symbolized presenting something in an overly optimistic way.

Meaning:
To present something in an overly optimistic way.

Usage:

1. He painted a rosy picture of the company's future.
2. She painted a rosy picture of her vacation to make it sound better.
3. They painted a rosy picture of the new policy's benefits.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overly optimistic," "Bright outlook," "Positive spin"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to describe something in an overly optimistic or idealized way. "Rosy" here symbolizes something positive or appealing, but the idiom doesn't suggest literally painting a picture of a rose.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes putting oneself in a difficult situation from which it is hard to escape.

Meaning:
To put oneself in a difficult situation from which it is hard to escape.

Usage:

1. He painted himself into a corner by promising too much.
2. She realized she had painted herself into a corner with her lies.
3. They painted themselves into a corner with the budget cuts.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Back oneself into a corner," "Trap oneself," "Create a predicament"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to put oneself in a difficult or trapped situation where there is no way out. It uses the metaphor of painting a corner to suggest an inescapable position, not a literal action.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes trying to improve something that is already perfect.

Meaning:
To try to improve something that is already perfect.

Usage:

1. His attempt to decorate the masterpiece was like trying to paint the lily.
2. She felt adding more details would be like painting the lily.
3. They realized the enhancements were unnecessary and akin to painting the lily.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Gild the lily," "Overdo it," "Unnecessary improvement"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to unnecessarily add something to something already perfect, which would diminish its beauty. "Painting a lily" uses the metaphor of improving something already flawless, illustrating unnecessary effort, but it is not a literal act.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes going out to celebrate and have a lively time.

Meaning:
To go out to celebrate and have a lively time.

Usage:

1. They decided to paint the town red after the big win.
2. She suggested painting the town red for her birthday.
3. He loved painting the town red with his friends on weekends.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Celebrate," "Party," "Live it up"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to go out and celebrate in a lively or extravagant way, often involving partying. The metaphor uses "painting" as a vibrant, lively act but doesn't refer to literally painting anything.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes the outcome or result of something, especially if it turns out well.

Meaning:
The outcome or result of something, especially if it turns out well.

Usage:

1. Let's see how the plan pans out before making any decisions.
2. Her efforts panned out, and she got the promotion.
3. They hoped their investment would pan out in the end.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Turn out well," "Succeed," "Result favorably"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that something turns out well or as expected or works out in the end. It uses "pan" (a term often associated with mining or searching) metaphorically to suggest that the effort yielded results, rather than a literal mining or pan action.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since ancient Greek mythology and symbolizes a source of extensive unforeseen troubles.

Meaning:
A source of extensive unforeseen troubles.

Usage:

1. Opening the discussion about politics was like opening Pandora's box.
2. She feared the new policy would open Pandora's box of problems.
3. They warned that investigating the issue could be like opening Pandora's box.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Can of worms," "Trouble source," "Unforeseen complications"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to something that, once opened or initiated, leads to unforeseen complications or trouble. "Pandora's box" uses the mythological reference metaphorically to describe something whose consequences cannot be controlled, not a literal box.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes covering up problems rather than addressing them.

Meaning:
To cover up problems rather than address them.

Usage:

1. They tried to paper over the cracks in their relationship.
2. She knew they were just papering over the cracks with temporary fixes.
3. He realized they needed to address the issues, not just paper over the cracks.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Cover up," "Hide problems," "Temporary fix"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to hide or cover up problems rather than addressing them, using the metaphor of paper as a temporary solution. It doesn't literally refer to covering physical cracks with paper, but instead conveys the idea of a superficial fix.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, originating from the Chinese phrase "zhǐ lǎohǔ," symbolizing something that appears powerful but is actually weak. It comes from the image of a tiger made of paper, which is not formidable.

Meaning:
Something that appears powerful but is actually weak.

Usage:

1. The company turned out to be a paper tiger, collapsing quickly.
2. She realized her competitor was just a paper tiger.
3. They described the threat as a paper tiger, with no real substance.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Illusion of power," "Empty threat," "Weak facade."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something or someone that appears threatening or powerful but is actually weak or harmless. The idiom cannot be understood literally, as paper cannot actually be a tiger, and the meaning comes from the metaphor of something that seems strong but lacks substance.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing a final remark or action, typically one that is cutting or pointed. It comes from the idea of a last shot fired as one departs.

Meaning:
A final remark or action, typically one that is cutting or pointed.

Usage:

1. He delivered a parting shot before leaving the meeting.
2. She couldn't resist giving a parting shot during the argument.
3. They ended the letter with a parting shot at their critics.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Final remark," "Last word," "Closing statement."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a final remark, typically one that is sharp or critical, made when leaving or finishing a conversation. The idiom cannot be understood literally, as it is not about a literal shot but about a pointed or significant final comment.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing a close companion who participates in one's activities, often mischievous or illicit. It comes from the notion of two people working together in crime.

Meaning:
A close companion who participates in one's activities, often mischievous or illicit.

Usage:

1. She considered her best friend her partner in crime.
2. He joked that his brother was his partner in crime.
3. They were known as partners in crime for their pranks.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Confidant," "Co-conspirator," "Close ally."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to someone who is involved in an activity, typically a mischievous or illegal one, but not literally committing a crime. The "crime" here is metaphorical and refers to shared actions or involvement in an endeavor, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes shifting responsibility to someone else.

Meaning:
Shifting responsibility to someone else.

Usage:

1. He always tries to pass the buck when something goes wrong.
2. She refused to pass the buck and took responsibility for the mistake.
3. They were tired of him passing the buck to avoid blame.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Blame shifting," "Avoid responsibility," "Pass the blame"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to shift responsibility or blame onto someone else. It uses the metaphor of "passing" a coin (the buck) in a game to represent avoiding responsibility, rather than a literal coin being passed.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes achieving great success, especially in a test or examination.

Meaning:
Achieving great success, especially in a test or examination.

Usage:

1. She passed the exam with flying colors.
2. He completed the training program with flying colors.
3. They passed the inspection with flying colors.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Excel," "Succeed brilliantly," "Achieve success"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to succeed or perform exceptionally well, often in a test or challenging situation. "Flying colors" uses the metaphor of flags signaling success or victory, but doesn't refer to an actual flag being waved or passed in a literal sense.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes being beyond the peak period of one's abilities or life.

Meaning:
Being beyond the peak period of one's abilities or life.

Usage:

1. He felt he was past his prime in his athletic career.
2. She worried she was past her prime for starting a new job.
3. They believed the old building was past its prime.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Beyond one's best," "No longer at peak," "Over the hill"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone is no longer in their best years or peak condition, often used to describe physical or professional decline. "Prime" here represents the peak of one's life or abilities, but it doesn't refer to a literal period of time.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes paying a very high price for something.

Meaning:
Paying a very high price for something.

Usage:

1. They paid an arm and a leg for their luxury vacation.
2. She didn't want to pay an arm and a leg for the designer dress.
3. He joked about paying an arm and a leg for concert tickets.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Cost a fortune," "Very expensive," "High price"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to pay an extremely high price for something, often an unfairly high one. The idiom doesn’t refer to literally paying with body parts but uses the metaphor to symbolize an excessive cost.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes finding something valuable or achieving success.

Meaning:
Finding something valuable or achieving success.

Usage:

1. The miners hit pay dirt with their latest discovery.
2. She felt she hit pay dirt with her innovative idea.
3. They reached pay dirt after years of hard work.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Strike it rich," "Achieve success," "Find value"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to find something valuable or successful, especially after a long search or effort. "Dirt" refers to the physical earth in which gold or valuable items might be found, but it doesn't literally mean digging for dirt.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes yielding positive results or benefits.

Meaning:
Yielding positive results or benefits.

Usage:

1. Her investment in education paid dividends in her career.
2. The team's efforts paid dividends in the final game.
3. Their decision to innovate paid dividends in market growth.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Bring benefits," "Yield results," "Bear fruit"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to yield positive results or rewards, especially over time, from an initial investment. While "dividends" are a financial term, the metaphor extends beyond money to represent beneficial returns.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes facing the consequences of one's actions.

Meaning:
Facing the consequences of one's actions.

Usage:

1. He knew he would have to pay the piper for his mistakes.
2. She realized it was time to pay the piper after years of neglecting her health.
3. They had to pay the piper for their reckless spending.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Face consequences," "Reckon with actions," "Pay the price"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to face the consequences or bear the cost of one's actions, often when the time comes to settle a debt. The metaphor comes from the idea of having to pay a musician, but it doesn’t refer to a literal piper.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 17th century and symbolizes paying an excessive amount for something.

Meaning:
Paying an excessive amount for something.

Usage:

1. They paid through the nose for last-minute flights.
2. She didn't want to pay through the nose for a simple repair.
3. He ended up paying through the nose for that rare collectible.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overpay," "Very expensive," "High price"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to pay an excessively high price for something, often unreasonably high. It doesn't relate to an actual nose but uses the metaphor to suggest an exorbitant cost.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being in a perfect or ideal situation. It comes from the idea of the combination of peaches and cream being delicious and satisfying.

Meaning:
A perfect or ideal situation.

Usage:

1. Her life seemed like peaches and cream.
2. He described his vacation as peaches and cream.
3. They said everything was peaches and cream after the promotion.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Perfect," "Ideal," "Wonderful."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something that is exceptionally good, smooth, or ideal, usually describing an experience or situation. The idiom cannot be understood literally as "peaches and cream" are not inherently connected to the idea of perfection or pleasantness. It conveys a figurative meaning that goes beyond the literal interpretation of the words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes valuable advice or insights.

Meaning:
Valuable advice or insights.

Usage:

1. Her grandmother always shared pearls of wisdom.
2. He offered pearls of wisdom to the new employees.
3. They treasured the pearls of wisdom from their mentor.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Valuable advice," "Insightful tips," "Words of wisdom"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to valuable pieces of advice or insights. "Pearls" symbolize something precious, and the expression doesn't refer to literal pearls but to something valuable, such as knowledge.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes two people who are very similar or close.

Meaning:
Two people who are very similar or close.

Usage:

1. They are like two peas in a pod, always together.
2. She and her best friend are like peas in a pod.
3. They joked that their twins were peas in a pod.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Very similar," "Close companions," "Inseparable"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means two things or people are very similar or inseparable. The metaphor of "peas in a pod" evokes the idea of identical objects in close proximity, but it’s not meant to be taken literally.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the hierarchy or ranking within a group. It comes from the behavior of chickens establishing dominance by pecking.

Meaning:
The hierarchy or ranking within a group.

Usage:

1. She knew her place in the office pecking order.
2. He worked hard to rise in the social pecking order.
3. They respected the pecking order within the team.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hierarchy," "Ranking," "Chain of command."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the hierarchy or social ranking within a group, particularly in terms of authority or dominance. The words "pecking" and "order" might suggest a physical behavior (pecking) among birds, but in this context, they are used figuratively to describe social dynamics, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes examining something layer by layer to uncover deeper insights.

Meaning:
Examining something layer by layer to uncover deeper insights.

Usage:

1. She tried to peel the onion to understand the problem.
2. He suggested peeling the onion to get to the root cause.
3. They needed to peel the onion to fully comprehend the situation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Dig deeper," "Uncover layers," "Thorough examination"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to uncover layers or reveal something gradually, often referring to problems or situations that require step-by-step analysis. The metaphor of peeling an onion symbolizes removing layers, not literally peeling food.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes the power of writing and ideas over physical force.

Meaning:
The power of writing and ideas over physical force.

Usage:

1. She believed in the saying that the pen is mightier than the sword.
2. He used his writing to inspire change, knowing the pen is mightier than the sword.
3. They understood that ideas can be more influential than actions, as the pen is mightier than the sword.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Power of words," "Influence through writing," "Strength of ideas"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that communication, ideas, and writing are more powerful than physical force or violence. The metaphor contrasts the pen (symbolizing words) with the sword (symbolizing force), but it doesn’t refer to actual physical items being more powerful.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes asking someone what they are thinking.

Meaning:
Asking someone what they are thinking.

Usage:

1. She looked lost in thought, so he asked, "Penny for your thoughts?"
2. He wanted to know what was on her mind and said, "Penny for your thoughts?"
3. They were curious about his silence and asked, "Penny for your thoughts?"

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"What are you thinking?" "Share your thoughts," "What's on your mind?"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means asking someone to share their thoughts or feelings, typically when they seem deep in contemplation. "Penny" here symbolizes a small amount of value, but it’s not meant to be a literal exchange of money.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes being careful with small amounts of money while being wasteful with larger amounts.

Meaning:
Being careful with small amounts of money while being wasteful with larger amounts.

Usage:

1. He saved on groceries but wasted money on gadgets, proving to be penny wise, pound foolish.
2. She was penny wise, pound foolish by skimping on maintenance and facing costly repairs.
3. They realized their approach was penny wise, pound foolish when they saw the long-term costs.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Short-sighted," "False economy," "Misplaced frugality"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to someone who is careful with small amounts of money but careless with larger sums. The idiom uses "penny" and "pound" metaphorically to compare small versus large amounts, but it doesn’t suggest actual pennies or pounds are involved.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being very frugal or miserly. It comes from the idea of pinching pennies to save money.

Meaning:
To be very frugal or miserly.

Usage:

1. He was known for his penny-pinching ways.
2. She practiced penny-pinching to save for the trip.
3. They avoided being penny-pinching and enjoyed the dinner.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Frugal," "Miserly," "Thrifty."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to being overly frugal or miserly, especially with money. The idiom "penny" and "pinching" can be understood metaphorically, as the literal action of pinching a small coin (penny) does not directly describe the figurative action of being stingy with finances. The figurative meaning goes beyond the literal interpretation of the words.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes a rare combination of events or circumstances creating an unusually bad situation.

Meaning:
A rare combination of events or circumstances creating an unusually bad situation.

Usage:

1. The financial crisis was a perfect storm of economic and political factors.
2. Her day turned into a perfect storm with multiple unexpected problems.
3. They faced a perfect storm of challenges during the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Disaster waiting to happen," "Unfortunate combination," "Confluence of troubles"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means an event or situation where a rare combination of factors causes a disastrous or critical outcome. The term "perfect storm" doesn't refer to an actual storm but rather to a metaphor for compounded difficulties.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 18th century and symbolizes the hope that something will never happen.

Meaning:
The hope that something will never happen.

Usage:

1. Perish the thought that we might lose the game.
2. She said, "Perish the thought," when asked about moving away.
3. They exclaimed, "Perish the thought," at the idea of raising taxes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Heaven forbid," "God forbid," "Banish the idea"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively expresses the desire to avoid or reject a particular idea, often in a humorous or emphatic way. The metaphor of "perishing" suggests rejecting the thought, but it doesn't literally mean that the thought will die.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the act of interfering with the legal process to prevent justice from being served.

Meaning:
To interfere with the legal process to prevent justice from being served.

Usage:

1. He was accused of trying to pervert the course of justice.
2. She faced charges for attempting to pervert the course of justice.
3. They were found guilty of perverting the course of justice.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Obstruct justice," "Tamper with justice," "Interfere with the legal process."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to an illegal or unethical action that disrupts or obstructs the proper administration of justice. The idiom uses "pervert" and "course of justice" in a figurative sense. The meaning cannot be fully understood from the literal interpretation of these words, as it refers to a specific legal or moral concept that goes beyond the individual meanings of the words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing a minor annoyance or irritation that someone finds particularly bothersome. It comes from the idea of a "pet" annoyance that one is particularly sensitive to.

Meaning:
A minor annoyance or irritation that someone finds particularly bothersome.

Usage:

1. Loud chewing is her biggest pet peeve.
2. He shared that his pet peeve is people being late.
3. They each had different pet peeves that annoyed them.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Annoyance," "Irritation," "Grievance."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something that particularly annoys or bothers someone. The word "pet" here doesn't refer to an animal, but instead denotes something that is a personal and particular annoyance. The idiom cannot be understood from the literal meanings of "pet" and "peeve," as the combination refers to an individual’s specific irritation, making the expression non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of finding faults or flaws in something. It comes from the idea of picking holes in a fabric or argument to weaken it.

Meaning:
To find faults or flaws in something.

Usage:

1. He was always picking holes in her arguments.
2. She tried to pick holes in the proposal.
3. They knew he would pick holes in their plan.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Criticize," "Find faults," "Point out flaws."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to find fault or criticize something, especially in a detailed or excessive manner. The "holes" here do not refer to literal gaps but symbolize imperfections or issues. The phrase cannot be deduced directly from the words.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes the best of a group or selection.

Meaning:
The best of a group or selection.

Usage:

1. She chose the pick of the litter when adopting a puppy.
2. He was considered the pick of the litter among the job candidates.
3. They wanted to make sure they got the pick of the litter.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Best choice," "Top selection," "Prime pick"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means the best or most desirable option, especially from a group. "Litter" refers to a group of animals, especially puppies, and "pick" refers to choosing the best among them, but it’s not meant literally.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes seeking advice or information from someone knowledgeable.

Meaning:
To seek advice or information from someone knowledgeable.

Usage:

1. She wanted to pick his brain about the new marketing strategy.
2. He asked if he could pick her brain on the latest technology trends.
3. They needed to pick the expert's brain for insights.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Consult," "Seek advice," "Ask for input"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to ask someone for their thoughts, advice, or expertise. The metaphor of "picking" refers to extracting ideas or information, but it doesn’t imply literally picking a brain.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes gaining momentum or becoming more effective.

Meaning:
Gaining momentum or becoming more effective.

Usage:

1. The project started slowly but picked up steam over time.
2. Her campaign picked up steam as more supporters joined.
3. They saw the business pick up steam after the initial launch.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Gain momentum," "Gather pace," "Increase in effectiveness"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to gain momentum or progress, especially in a situation or process. "Steam" represents energy or force, but the phrase doesn’t relate to an actual engine or steam.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of trying to recover from a difficult or disastrous situation. It comes from the image of gathering scattered pieces after something has been broken.

Meaning:
To try to recover from a difficult or disastrous situation.

Usage:

1. He had to pick up the pieces after the accident.
2. She worked hard to pick up the pieces of her career.
3. They helped each other pick up the pieces after the crisis.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Recover," "Rebuild," "Regroup."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to the act of trying to restore or repair something after a problem, breakdown, or disaster. The "pieces" symbolize elements that need fixing, and it conveys the idea of recovery, not the literal action of collecting objects.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes taking on the extra work or responsibilities left by someone else.

Meaning:
Taking on the extra work or responsibilities left by someone else.

Usage:

1. She had to pick up the slack while her colleague was on leave.
2. He volunteered to pick up the slack on the project.
3. They needed to pick up the slack after the team member's departure.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Cover for someone," "Take over responsibilities," "Fill in"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take on responsibility for work or tasks that have been neglected by others. "Slack" here refers to the unfilled or lazy part of a job, not something that can be literally picked up.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of paying the bill or covering the expenses. It comes from the idea of picking up the tab, which refers to the bill or ticket at a restaurant or bar.

Meaning:
To pay the bill or cover the expenses.

Usage:

1. He offered to pick up the tab for dinner.
2. She picked up the tab for the drinks.
3. They thanked him for picking up the tab at the restaurant.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Pay the bill," "Cover the cost," "Foot the bill."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to pay for something, especially a bill, on behalf of others. The "tab" refers to a bill or a running total, and the expression is commonly used when someone covers costs in a social or business situation. It is not meant to be taken literally.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes the idea that a single image can convey complex ideas more effectively than words.

Meaning:
A single image can convey complex ideas more effectively than words.

Usage:

1. The photograph was a picture worth a thousand words.
2. She believed in using visuals because a picture is worth a thousand words.
3. They found the diagram to be a picture worth a thousand words.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Visuals speak louder," "Images convey meaning," "Powerful illustration"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that a single image can convey much more meaning or emotion than a verbal description can. The "thousand words" here is a metaphor for the complexity or depth that a picture can convey, beyond just the literal idea of a picture.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes unrealistic or impractical hopes and ideas.

Meaning:
Unrealistic or impractical hopes and ideas.

Usage:

1. His plan to become a millionaire overnight was pie in the sky.
2. She dismissed the proposal as pie in the sky.
3. They knew the idea was pie in the sky and not feasible.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Unrealistic dream," "Impractical idea," "Wishful thinking"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to something unrealistic or unattainable, often a dream or goal that’s unlikely to be achieved. The "pie" in the sky doesn’t refer to an actual pie but represents an impractical or fanciful concept.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes something that is very easy to do.

Meaning:
Something that is very easy to do.

Usage:

1. The test was a piece of cake for her.
2. He found the task to be a piece of cake.
3. They completed the project, saying it was a piece of cake.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Easy as pie," "No sweat," "Walk in the park"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means something that is very easy to do, referencing how a cake might be an easy treat to eat. The literal idea of eating cake is used as a metaphor for ease, but the meaning is not related to cake itself.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of wanting to participate in a profitable or exciting activity. It comes from the idea of wanting a share of the action or benefits.

Meaning:
To want to participate in a profitable or exciting activity.

Usage:

1. He wanted a piece of the action in the new venture.
2. She asked for a piece of the action in the project.
3. They all wanted a piece of the action in the investment.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Share in the benefits," "Get involved," "Join in."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means a share of an opportunity or profit, typically in business or a scheme. The "piece" does not refer to a literal portion of something but represents involvement or benefit. It’s understood figuratively, not literally.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being extremely drunk or dazed. It comes from the image of eyes being wide open and unfocused, resembling a pie.

Meaning:
To be extremely drunk or dazed.

Usage:

1. He was pie-eyed after the party.
2. She looked pie-eyed from lack of sleep.
3. They found him pie-eyed at the bar.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Intoxicated," "Dazed," "In a stupor."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means being extremely drunk or intoxicated. The "pie" here has no direct connection to the literal meaning of the word, and "eye" refers to the state of being overly affected, such as in a glassy or dilated-eyed appearance when intoxicated.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes buying something without inspecting it first, often leading to disappointment.

Meaning:
Buying something without inspecting it first, often leading to disappointment.

Usage:

1. He realized he bought a pig in a poke when the product didn't work.
2. She warned him not to buy a car without seeing it first, lest it be a pig in a poke.
3. They ended up with a pig in a poke after purchasing the house without an inspection.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Blind purchase," "Uninspected buy," "Disappointing deal"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to buying something without checking its quality or true nature, often resulting in a bad deal. "Poke" here refers to a bag or sack, and the metaphor suggests that you might end up with an unwanted or unexpected result, not a literal pig.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes eating a large amount of food greedily.

Meaning:
Eating a large amount of food greedily.

Usage:

1. They decided to pig out on pizza during the game night.
2. She admitted to pigging out on snacks while watching movies.
3. He planned to pig out at the buffet.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overeat," "Feast," "Devour food"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to eat excessively, typically in an indulgent or greedy manner. The "pig" here doesn’t refer to an actual pig but uses the animal metaphor to describe overconsumption.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes using something already existing or taking advantage of someone else's work or success.

Meaning:
Using something already existing or taking advantage of someone else's work or success.

Usage:

1. They piggybacked on the success of the previous campaign.
2. She tried to piggyback on his hard work to get ahead.
3. He decided to piggyback on the established network to expand his business.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Leverage," "Capitalize on," "Benefit from"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to use something that someone else has done for your own benefit, like carrying your efforts or success on someone else’s. The "piggyback" refers to the idea of riding on someone’s back, not literally piggybacking.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the idea that being moderately ambitious or greedy can lead to success, while being excessively greedy can lead to downfall. It comes from the farming practice where pigs are raised to a certain weight, but hogs are often slaughtered for being too big.

Meaning:
Being moderately ambitious or greedy can lead to success, while being excessively greedy can lead to downfall.

Usage:

1. He remembered the saying "pigs get fat, hogs get slaughtered" and avoided being too greedy.
2. She warned them that "pigs get fat, hogs get slaughtered" when discussing their strategy.
3. They realized the truth of "pigs get fat, hogs get slaughtered" after their competitor's failure.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Moderation is key," "Greed leads to downfall," "Balance ambition."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that greed can lead to downfall. The idiom uses "pigs" and "hogs" as metaphors for people or situations, and the idea is not literal but metaphorical, symbolizing caution about excessive greed.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century, symbolizing the idea that something is highly unlikely or impossible. It comes from the absurd image of pigs flying.

Meaning:
Something that is highly unlikely or impossible.

Usage:

1. He said pigs might fly before he apologizes.
2. She joked that pigs might fly before they change their ways.
3. They laughed and said pigs might fly when hearing the unrealistic plan.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Highly unlikely," "Impossible," "Not going to happen."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that something is so unlikely or absurd that it is almost impossible. The idea of pigs flying is a purely absurd image, and the phrase is used to emphasize how improbable or ridiculous something is.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 16th century, symbolizing the act of being moved or sent from one place to another in a disorganized or chaotic manner. It comes from the idea of being sent back and forth between two points.

Meaning:
To be moved or sent from one place to another in a disorganized or chaotic manner.

Usage:

1. He was sent from pillar to post trying to get help.
2. She felt like she was being sent from pillar to post by the bureaucracy.
3. They were passed from pillar to post without getting any answers.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Back and forth," "From one place to another," "In a disorganized manner."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to move from one difficult situation to another or to be in a state of confusion or disarray. The idiom uses "pillar" and "post" metaphorically to symbolize movement through various obstacles, not referring to literal physical posts or pillars.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of forcing someone to give a clear or definite answer. It comes from the idea of physically pinning someone down so they can't escape.

Meaning:
To force someone to give a clear or definite answer.

Usage:

1. He tried to pin her down on the exact date.
2. She managed to pin him down and get a commitment.
3. They pinned down the witness for more details.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Get a commitment," "Force a clear answer," "Press for details."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to force someone to give a clear or definitive answer or to commit to a position. The "pinning" does not refer to the literal act of pinning someone but to the metaphorical pressure to make a clear decision or statement.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes being very frugal or stingy with money.

Meaning:
Being very frugal or stingy with money.

Usage:

1. They had to pinch pennies to save for their vacation.
2. She is known to pinch pennies and never spends unnecessarily.
3. He started pinching pennies after losing his job.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be frugal," "Economize," "Cut costs"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be very frugal or careful with money. The "pinch" doesn’t imply that pennies are physically pinched but is a metaphor for being tight with resources.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of hallucinating, especially as a result of heavy drinking. It comes from the idea of seeing things that aren't there, like pink elephants.

Meaning:
To hallucinate, especially as a result of heavy drinking.

Usage:

1. He joked about seeing pink elephants after too many drinks.
2. She claimed she saw pink elephants during her fever.
3. They laughed about the saying "seeing pink elephants" when someone was drunk.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hallucinate," "See things," "Delirious."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to hallucinations or strange thoughts, often associated with intoxication. The "pink elephants" symbolize an absurd or impossible image that reflects a disoriented or altered state of mind, not to be taken literally.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes a fantastic hope or plan that is unlikely to happen.

Meaning:
A fantastic hope or plan that is unlikely to happen.

Usage:

1. His ambition to become a rock star was a pipe dream.
2. She dismissed the grand scheme as a pipe dream.
3. They knew their plan to buy a private island was a pipe dream.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Unrealistic hope," "Fanciful idea," "Impractical scheme"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to an unrealistic or impractical hope or goal, much like a fantasy. The "pipe" refers to a type of opium pipe used historically, where dreams or visions of unattainable things could occur, so it’s a metaphor for something impossible.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the act of being narrowly defeated or beaten at the last moment. It comes from horse racing, where the "post" is the finish line, and being "pipped" means being overtaken just before the end.

Meaning:
To be narrowly defeated or beaten at the last moment.

Usage:

1. He was pipped to the post in the final seconds of the race.
2. She felt disappointed being pipped to the post for the promotion.
3. They were pipped to the post by a last-minute bid.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Narrowly beaten," "Just missed out," "Lost by a hair."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to narrowly lose or be beaten by someone in a competition or race. The idiom comes from racing, where "pipped" refers to being narrowly overtaken, but it’s used metaphorically to convey a near-miss situation, not literally involving posts or a race.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, primarily in American English, symbolizing a competitive argument or confrontation where each party tries to outdo the other. It comes from the crude image of a contest to see who can urinate the furthest.

Meaning:
A competitive argument or confrontation where each party tries to outdo the other.

Usage:

1. The meeting turned into a pissing contest between the managers.
2. She avoided getting involved in a pissing contest with her colleagues.
3. They realized the debate was just a pissing contest and left.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Power struggle," "One-upmanship," "Competitive argument."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a figurative situation in which two or more people compete in a petty, childish, or pointless way to assert dominance or prove superiority. The idiom does not refer to a literal contest involving urination; rather, it uses "pissing" metaphorically to imply a futile, often childish rivalry. The figurative meaning cannot be deduced from the literal words alone.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes contributing effort or assistance to a group task.

Meaning:
Contributing effort or assistance to a group task.

Usage:

1. Everyone pitched in to clean up after the event.
2. She asked her friends to pitch in with the preparations.
3. They all pitched in to help their colleague in need.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Help out," "Contribute," "Lend a hand"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to contribute or help with a collective effort, typically in work or a group task. "Pitch" refers to throwing something in, not literally pitching, but using the metaphor to describe offering help.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of achieving a comfortable or advantageous position. It comes from the idea of finding a warm and desirable spot in the sun.

Meaning:
To achieve a comfortable or advantageous position.

Usage:

1. He worked hard to secure his place in the sun.
2. She finally found her place in the sun with the new job.
3. They were determined to find their place in the sun in the industry.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Comfortable position," "Advantageous spot," "Desirable status."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means a position or state of success, prominence, or happiness. The "sun" here is symbolic of something desirable, not literally referring to a geographical spot in the sunlight. The idiom conveys the idea of being in a favorable or elevated position that goes beyond the literal meaning of being physically in the sun.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes supporting or benefiting from two opposing parties or viewpoints.

Meaning:
Supporting or benefiting from two opposing parties or viewpoints.

Usage:

1. He was accused of playing both sides during the negotiations.
2. She tried to play both sides to keep everyone happy.
3. They warned him about the risks of playing both sides.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Double-dealing," "Two-faced," "Hedging bets"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take actions or express opinions that support both parties or perspectives, often for personal advantage. The idiom is not about physically playing on both sides, but rather uses "play" metaphorically to describe strategic or manipulative behavior.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes improvising or handling a situation as it develops.

Meaning:
Improvising or handling a situation as it develops.

Usage:

1. They decided to play it by ear and see how the day went.
2. She prefers to play things by ear rather than plan in advance.
3. He suggested playing the meeting by ear and adapting as needed.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Improvise," "Go with the flow," "Adapt as needed"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to deal with a situation as it develops, without a fixed plan. "Play" here refers to acting spontaneously or improvising, and "ear" refers to listening rather than to literal music or play.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of engaging in a game of pursuit and evasion. It comes from the idea of a cat playing with a mouse before capturing it.

Meaning:
To engage in a game of pursuit and evasion.

Usage:

1. The detective played cat and mouse with the suspect.
2. She felt like they were playing cat and mouse in their negotiations.
3. They enjoyed the thrill of playing cat and mouse with their competitors.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Pursue and evade," "Play chase," "Engage in a game of wits."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it describes a situation where one party is in pursuit of another in a way that involves manipulation, evasion, or outsmarting them. While it draws on the literal predator-prey dynamic between a cat and a mouse, the figurative meaning (a chase involving strategy and often frustration) goes beyond the literal interpretation.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes behaving recklessly or irresponsibly.

Meaning:
Behaving recklessly or irresponsibly.

Usage:

1. He played fast and loose with the company's finances.
2. She was known to play fast and loose with the rules.
3. They cautioned against playing fast and loose with safety regulations.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Reckless," "Irresponsible," "Careless"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to act recklessly or irresponsibly, especially in a way that violates rules or norms. The literal meaning of "fast and loose" doesn't apply here; it's used metaphorically to describe behavior rather than actual speed or carelessness.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of flirting by touching someone's feet with one's own under a table. It comes from the playful nature of using feet to signal affection.

Meaning:
To flirt by touching someone's feet with one's own under a table.

Usage:

1. They played footsie under the table during dinner.
2. She caught them playing footsie at the party.
3. He tried to play footsie with her to get her attention.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Flirt covertly," "Signal affection," "Touch feet playfully."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the playful or secretive action of touching someone's feet under a table, typically in a flirtatious or mischievous way. The figurative meaning of flirting or engaging in secretive behavior can't be deduced from the literal act of touching feet.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of deceiving or manipulating someone. It comes from the idea of treating interactions like a strategic game.

Meaning:
To deceive or manipulate someone.

Usage:

1. He felt she was playing games with his emotions.
2. She warned him not to play games with her trust.
3. They realized their opponent was playing games with them.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Deceive," "Manipulate," "Toy with."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to engaging in deceptive or manipulative behavior, often in the context of relationships or interactions. While the word "games" is used metaphorically, the phrase implies a figurative action of trickery or manipulation, rather than any actual game.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the act of being an unwanted third party in a romantic situation. It comes from the idea of a gooseberry bush being in the way.

Meaning:
To be an unwanted third party in a romantic situation.

Usage:

1. She felt like she was playing gooseberry during their date.
2. He didn't want to play gooseberry and ruin their evening.
3. They often joked about playing gooseberry for their friends.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Third wheel," "Unwanted company," "Intruder."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to being a third wheel, especially in a romantic context, and it conveys the feeling of being an unwanted or awkward presence. The use of "gooseberry" is a metaphor for the feeling of being left out or overshadowed in a situation, not referring to the literal fruit.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes being tough or uncompromising, especially in negotiations.

Meaning:
Being tough or uncompromising, especially in negotiations.

Usage:

1. The lawyer decided to play hardball during the settlement talks.
2. She played hardball to get a better deal for her client.
3. They were prepared to play hardball with the competition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be tough," "Uncompromising," "Firm stance"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to engage in tough, no-nonsense tactics or actions, often in business or negotiations. It doesn't refer to playing an actual sport but uses the metaphor of "hardball" to describe aggressive strategy.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of causing chaos or disruption. It comes from the idea of unleashing havoc or widespread destruction.

Meaning:
To cause chaos or disruption.

Usage:

1. The storm played havoc with their travel plans.
2. She played havoc with the schedule by making changes last minute.
3. They warned that the changes could play havoc with the system.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Create chaos," "Cause disruption," "Wreak havoc."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to cause great damage or disruption, and the phrase cannot be understood through the literal interpretation of the words "play" and "havoc." "Play" in this context does not refer to an actual game or activity, and "havoc" refers to chaos, not an object to be played with. Therefore, this expression has a figurative meaning that cannot be deduced from the individual words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes skipping school or work without permission.

Meaning:
Skipping school or work without permission.

Usage:

1. They played hooky to go to the amusement park.
2. She admitted to playing hooky when she was a teenager.
3. He regretted playing hooky after missing an important lesson.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Truant," "Skip out," "Ditch"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to skip school or work, often without permission, implying a sneaky or rebellious action. The term "play" here does not refer to any literal game or play activity, but rather metaphorically refers to the act of avoiding responsibilities.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of unintentionally doing something that benefits someone else. It comes from the idea of playing a card game in a way that helps an opponent.

Meaning:
To unintentionally do something that benefits someone else.

Usage:

1. He realized too late that his actions played into his rival's hands.
2. She didn't want to play into their hands by reacting.
3. They played into the opposition's hands with their strategy.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Unwittingly help," "Benefit unknowingly," "Aid unintentionally."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the idea of unknowingly or unwittingly helping someone, typically to their advantage, and the literal meaning of "play" and "hands" does not explain this. "Play" here is used metaphorically to describe actions that benefit another person’s plans or goals. The meaning is figurative and cannot be understood directly from the words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes remaining calm and composed, especially under pressure.

Meaning:
Remaining calm and composed, especially under pressure.

Usage:

1. He tried to play it cool during the interview.
2. She played it cool despite the stressful situation.
3. They advised him to play it cool and not show his nerves.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay calm," "Keep composure," "Remain collected"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to remain calm and composed, particularly in a situation where one might be expected to act otherwise. "Play" here is not referring to a literal game or action but instead conveys the idea of handling a situation with detached ease.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being in a subordinate or less important position.

Meaning:
Being in a subordinate or less important position.

Usage:

1. He was tired of playing second fiddle to his colleague.
2. She didn't mind playing second fiddle as long as the team succeeded.
3. They asked him to play second fiddle during the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Subordinate role," "Less important position," "Second place"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take a subordinate role or position, often in comparison to someone more important. "Fiddle" here refers to an instrument's second position in an orchestra, but the meaning is not literally about the instrument.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes dating multiple people without committing to one.

Meaning:
Dating multiple people without committing to one.

Usage:

1. He decided to play the field and not settle down yet.
2. She enjoyed playing the field before finding the right person.
3. They advised her to play the field and explore her options.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Date around," "Keep options open," "Not commit"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to date or have romantic relationships with multiple people at the same time. It doesn't refer to an actual playing field, but rather to the metaphorical idea of spreading one's interests.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of performing or speaking in a way that seeks to gain approval from the audience rather than focusing on substance. It comes from the idea of performing for the cheap seats in a theater, known as the gallery.

Meaning:
To perform or speak in a way that seeks to gain approval from the audience rather than focusing on substance.

Usage:

1. He was accused of playing to the gallery during the speech.
2. She knew he was playing to the gallery with his dramatic gestures.
3. They tried not to play to the gallery during their presentation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Pander to audience," "Show off," "Seek approval."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to behave or act in a way that attracts attention, approval, or praise from a specific group of people, often at the expense of sincerity. The term "gallery" in this context refers to the audience in a theater or the public, and "play" is used metaphorically to mean acting for that audience’s benefit. The meaning cannot be deduced from the individual words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes engaging in risky or dangerous behavior.

Meaning:
Engaging in risky or dangerous behavior.

Usage:

1. He knew he was playing with fire by ignoring the warnings.
2. She realized she was playing with fire by taking unnecessary risks.
3. They warned him that he was playing with fire with his reckless actions.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Take risks," "Court danger," "Flirt with disaster"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to engage in risky or dangerous behavior that could have negative consequences. The idiom uses "fire" as a metaphor for danger, but it doesn't refer to literal flames.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of making the right decisions to achieve a desired outcome. It comes from the idea of playing a card game skillfully.

Meaning:
To make the right decisions to achieve a desired outcome.

Usage:

1. If you play your cards right, you might get the promotion.
2. She knew she had to play her cards right to win the negotiation.
3. They reminded him to play his cards right for a chance at success.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make smart decisions," "Act wisely," "Strategize."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to act strategically or wisely in order to achieve success, typically in a specific situation. The idiom uses "cards" metaphorically, implying that someone needs to make the right choices, much like playing cards in a game. The meaning is figurative and cannot be fully understood from the individual words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes pretending to be inactive or asleep to avoid attention.

Meaning:
Pretending to be inactive or asleep to avoid attention.

Usage:

1. The cat was playing possum to avoid the dog.
2. She played possum to overhear the conversation.
3. He pretended to be asleep, playing possum, during the lecture.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Feigning sleep," "Pretending inactivity," "Avoiding attention"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to pretend to be dead or unconscious, especially to avoid trouble. "Possum" refers to the animal's behavior of playing dead, which is the source of the metaphor.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of coming up with an idea or answer spontaneously without prior thought or planning. It comes from the image of pulling something out of thin air.

Meaning:
To come up with an idea or answer spontaneously without prior thought or planning.

Usage:

1. He plucked the number out of the air during the meeting.
2. She had to pluck an idea out of the air for her speech.
3. They plucked the solution out of the air in a moment of inspiration.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Improvise," "Conjure up," "Invent on the spot."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to coming up with something spontaneously or without prior thought or preparation. "Pluck" in this context does not refer to an actual physical act, and "out of the air" metaphorically implies something being retrieved from nowhere. The meaning is figurative, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the act of speaking in a way that sounds posh or aristocratic. It comes from the image of having a plum in one's mouth, affecting one's speech.

Meaning:
To speak in a way that sounds posh or aristocratic.

Usage:

1. She spoke with a plum in her mouth at the formal dinner.
2. He was teased for sounding like he had a plum in his mouth.
3. They noticed his plum-in-the-mouth accent at the meeting.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Posh accent," "Aristocratic speech," "Upper-class diction."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to someone speaking in an affected, aristocratic, or pretentious manner, often associated with a specific accent or tone. The "plum" here doesn't literally mean a fruit; instead, it metaphorically suggests an exaggerated or snobbish way of speaking.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing a desirable and well-paid position. It comes from the idea of a "plum" representing something valuable or highly sought after.

Meaning:
A desirable and well-paid position.

Usage:

1. She landed a plum job at a top tech company.
2. He always dreamed of getting a plum job in finance.
3. They congratulated him on securing a plum job.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Desirable position," "Well-paid job," "Dream job."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a highly desirable or easy job, often with great benefits and little effort required. The "plum" symbolizes something valuable or sought after, but it is not to be taken literally as a fruit.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes blaming or accusing someone.

Meaning:
Blaming or accusing someone.

Usage:

1. They started pointing fingers after the project failed.
2. She refused to point fingers and instead sought solutions.
3. He was tired of the constant finger-pointing in the team.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Blame," "Accuse," "Cast blame"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to assign blame or accuse someone. While it uses "fingers" in a metaphorical sense, it is figurative because the act of pointing isn't the same as literally accusing someone.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes a critical point where one must continue on their course of action.

Meaning:
A critical point where one must continue on their course of action.

Usage:

1. They reached the point of no return in their journey.
2. She felt she was at the point of no return with her decision.
3. He knew there was no turning back at the point of no return.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"No turning back," "Critical juncture," "Irreversible decision"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a point in a process or situation beyond which one cannot go back or undo their actions. It uses "point of no return" metaphorically, rather than literally relating to a geographical or physical boundary.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the late 20th century, primarily in business, symbolizing a strategy used to prevent a hostile takeover. It comes from the idea of a "poison pill" being something harmful to consume.

Meaning:
A strategy used to prevent a hostile takeover.

Usage:

1. The company adopted a poison pill to fend off the acquisition.
2. She explained the poison pill strategy to the board.
3. They implemented a poison pill to protect their business.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Defensive measure," "Anti-takeover strategy," "Protective tactic."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a defensive strategy or measure, particularly in business, where a company makes itself less attractive to a hostile takeover. The "poison pill" is not a literal pill but a metaphor for a tactic that makes a situation more harmful or undesirable.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of showing no emotion, especially to avoid giving away one's intentions. It comes from the game of poker, where players often keep a neutral expression.

Meaning:
To show no emotion, especially to avoid giving away one's intentions.

Usage:

1. He maintained a poker face during the negotiations.
2. She kept a poker face when asked about the surprise.
3. They admired his ability to keep a poker face under pressure.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Expressionless," "Stoic," "Impassive."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a facial expression that reveals no emotions or thoughts, particularly used in situations where someone is trying to conceal their reactions. The "poker" reference is tied to the game where players try to hide their feelings, but the face itself isn’t literally part of the game. The idiom emphasizes concealment, not a literal interpretation.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of finishing something quickly and efficiently. It comes from the idea of polishing something to a fine finish.

Meaning:
To finish something quickly and efficiently.

Usage:

1. He polished off the last of the cake.
2. She polished off her work before the deadline.
3. They polished off the project in record time.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Complete quickly," "Finish efficiently," "Wrap up."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to finish something quickly, especially food or a task. The "polish" here does not refer to the literal act of shining something, but rather the metaphorical use of "polish" to mean completing something thoroughly and efficiently, often in a way that leaves nothing behind.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of losing one's temper or becoming very excited. It comes from the image of a cork popping from a bottle.

Meaning:
To lose one's temper or become very excited.

Usage:

1. He popped his cork when he heard the news. She popped her cork during the argument. They popped their corks in celebration.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Lose temper," "Get excited," "Blow up."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to celebrate or release pent-up emotions, especially joy or excitement. "Cork" metaphorically refers to the stopper of a bottle (such as champagne), and "popping" it symbolizes the release of bottled-up feelings or celebrating. It goes beyond the literal meaning of "cork" and "pop."

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes dying.

Meaning:
To die.

Usage:

1. He popped his clogs peacefully in his sleep.
2. She joked that she would pop her clogs if she ever saw a ghost.
3. They said he popped his clogs after a long illness.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Kick the bucket," "Pass away," "Meet one's maker"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to die. "Clogs" here is a euphemism for the act of passing away, and the expression doesn't involve any literal shoes but rather refers to death.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes proposing marriage.

Meaning:
Proposing marriage.

Usage:

1. He decided to pop the question on their anniversary.
2. She hoped he would pop the question during their vacation.
3. They knew he was planning to pop the question at dinner.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Propose marriage," "Ask to marry," "Make a proposal"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to propose marriage. The metaphor of "popping" refers to a sudden or important action, but it’s not related to the literal physical act of popping something.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes something appearing quickly and in large numbers.

Meaning:
Something appearing quickly and in large numbers.

Usage:

1. New businesses are popping up like mushrooms in the city.
2. She noticed that coffee shops were popping up like mushrooms.
3. They commented on how fast the houses were popping up like mushrooms.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Spring up," "Proliferate," "Multiply rapidly"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to appear suddenly or unexpectedly, like mushrooms sprouting rapidly. The comparison to mushrooms is metaphorical, rather than referring to an actual growth process.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 17th century and symbolizes someone criticizing another for a fault, they themselves possess.

Meaning:
Someone criticizing another for a fault they themselves possess.

Usage:

1. It was the pot calling the kettle black when he accused her of being late.
2. She realized it was a case of the pot calling the kettle black when he criticized her work.
3. They laughed at his hypocrisy, saying it was the pot calling the kettle black.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hypocrisy," "Double standards," "Irony"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means accusing someone of something that one is also guilty of, often in a hypocritical manner. The "pot" and "kettle" are not meant literally but serve as a metaphor for hypocrisy.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes walking around looking for something, especially a job.

Meaning:
Walking around looking for something, especially a job.

Usage:

1. He spent weeks pounding the pavement looking for work.
2. She decided to pound the pavement to find new clients.
3. They pounded the pavement handing out flyers for their business.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Job hunting," "Search actively," "Canvass"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to walk or travel around, usually in search of work or opportunities. The literal act of pounding pavement isn't involved; it's a metaphor for effort or action.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes discouraging or disapproving an idea or plan.

Meaning:
Discouraging or disapproving an idea or plan.

Usage:

1. He poured cold water on their proposal during the meeting.
2. She felt disappointed when they poured cold water on her suggestion.
3. They poured cold water on the idea of expanding the business.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Discourage," "Dismiss," "Criticize"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to discourage or dampen enthusiasm or excitement. The idiom doesn’t refer to literally pouring water but uses the image of water to represent discouragement or a cooling effect.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes calming a difficult situation.

Meaning:
Calming a difficult situation.

Usage:

1. She tried to pour oil on troubled waters by mediating the argument.
2. He poured oil on troubled waters to ease the tension in the room.
3. They knew they needed to pour oil on troubled waters to resolve the conflict.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Calm down," "Smooth over," "Pacify"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to calm a difficult or tense situation. The metaphor refers to oil calming the surface of troubled water, but the meaning is about resolving conflict rather than physically interacting with water.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of expressing one's deepest feelings or thoughts. It comes from the idea of pouring out emotions from the heart.

Meaning:
To express one's deepest feelings or thoughts.

Usage:

1. She poured her heart out to her best friend.
2. He poured his heart out in the letter.
3. They poured their hearts out during the therapy session.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Confide," "Express feelings," "Reveal emotions."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to express one's deepest emotions, typically sadness or grief, openly and with great sincerity. "Heart" symbolizes emotion and vulnerability, and the "pouring" refers to the act of releasing those emotions in a figurative sense, not literally emptying one's heart.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing a situation that is dangerous and likely to erupt into conflict. It comes from the idea of a keg of gunpowder that could explode.

Meaning:
A situation that is dangerous and likely to erupt into conflict.

Usage:

1. The political climate was a powder keg ready to explode.
2. She described the tension at work as a powder keg.
3. They feared the protest could turn into a powder keg.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Volatile situation," "Tinderbox," "Explosive."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a volatile or dangerous situation that could explode at any moment. The "powder keg" metaphor draws on the idea of gunpowder in a small container, which is dangerous if it ignites. The idiom implies that something is highly unstable, not that there is an actual keg of powder.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of excusing oneself to go to the bathroom. It comes from the idea of women powdering their noses as a polite euphemism.

Meaning:
To excuse oneself to go to the bathroom.

Usage:

1. She excused herself to powder her nose.
2. He said he needed to powder his nose before the meeting.
3. They knew she was powdering her nose during the break.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Use the restroom," "Take a bathroom break," "Freshen up."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it is a polite or euphemistic way of saying that someone is going to the restroom, typically used in a more delicate social context. The "powder" refers to makeup (like face powder) used for personal grooming, but the idiom itself is more of a social euphemism than a literal act of applying powder.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes someone who has significant influence or power without being in the official position of authority.

Meaning:
Someone who has significant influence or power without being in the official position of authority.

Usage:

1. She was the power behind the throne, influencing key decisions.
2. He acted as the power behind the throne, guiding the CEO's actions.
3. They recognized her as the power behind the throne in the organization.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Influential person," "Behind-the-scenes power," "Key advisor"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to someone who holds significant influence or control but is not in the visible or official position of power. The idiom uses "throne" metaphorically, indicating leadership, and the "power behind" is the unseen, guiding force.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes trying to convince people who already agree with you.

Meaning:
Trying to convince people who already agree with you.

Usage:

1. He realized he was preaching to the choir with his environmental speech.
2. She felt like she was preaching to the choir when discussing fitness with her gym friends.
3. They knew they were preaching to the choir at the rally.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Talking to the converted," "Preaching to the converted," "Preaching to the believers"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to make an argument or point to people who already agree or are already aware of the message. The "choir" metaphorically represents those who are already convinced, making it non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes trying to persuade people who already agree with you.

Meaning:
Trying to persuade people who already agree with you.

Usage:

1. He found himself preaching to the converted at the meeting.
2. She felt like she was preaching to the converted about healthy eating.
3. They realized they were preaching to the converted at the seminar.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Preaching to the choir," "Talking to the believers," "Speaking to the convinced"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to giving information or making an argument to people who already share the same beliefs or opinions. The idiom uses "converted" metaphorically to mean those who are already committed, rather than actual converts.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing a pause that is filled with meaning or tension. It comes from the idea of a pause being "pregnant" with significance.

Meaning:
A pause that is filled with meaning or tension.

Usage:

1. There was a pregnant pause before she responded.
2. He created a pregnant pause to emphasize his point.
3. They felt the pregnant pause during the critical moment.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Meaningful pause," "Tense silence," "Significant break."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a pause or silence in a conversation that is full of meaning or expectation, often signaling tension or something significant about to happen. The idiom uses the word "pregnant" metaphorically, suggesting something is about to be "born" or revealed, which is not related to the literal meaning of pregnancy.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of emphasizing a point or argument forcefully. It comes from the idea of pressing or pushing something to make it firmly established.

Meaning:
To emphasize a point or argument forcefully.

Usage:

1. She pressed home the importance of meeting deadlines.
2. He pressed his argument home with compelling evidence.
3. They pressed home their point during the debate.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Emphasize," "Drive home," "Stress."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to emphasize a point or make something clear and forceful, often until it's fully understood or accepted. The figurative meaning of "pressing" something "home" implies making an idea stick, and it can't be deduced from the literal act of pressing an object against a surface.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of spending or costing a significant amount of money. It comes from the idea of something being worth a considerable amount.

Meaning:
To spend or cost a significant amount of money.

Usage:

1. She spent a pretty penny on her new dress.
2. He realized the repairs would cost a pretty penny.
3. They knew their vacation would be a pretty penny.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Expensive," "Costly," "Pricey."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a large amount of money, and the "pretty" here does not refer to an aesthetic value but to the idea of something costly. The figurative meaning of "pretty penny" is not directly deducible from the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of causing someone to worry or be constantly concerned. It comes from the idea of something being a persistent bother, like a predator preying on its target.

Meaning:
To cause someone to worry or be constantly concerned.

Usage:

1. The upcoming exam preyed on her mind.
2. His financial troubles preyed on his mind.
3. They couldn't relax because the issue preyed on their minds.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Worry," "Trouble," "Bother."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means that something is troubling or obsessing someone, often with negative implications. The "prey" in this context is metaphorical, symbolizing how something occupies someone's thoughts in a way that suggests being hunted or consumed. It cannot be deduced from the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of setting prices so high that customers are no longer willing to buy. It comes from the idea of pricing being so high that it drives customers away.

Meaning:
To set prices so high that customers are no longer willing to buy.

Usage:

1. They feared they would price themselves out of the market with the new rates.
2. She worried about pricing herself out of the market with her fees.
3. He didn't want to price the product out of the market.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overprice," "Price too high," "Outprice."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to set a price for something (typically a product or service) that is so high that no one will buy it, effectively excluding oneself from the market. The idiom is not about a literal price being set in the market, but rather about being priced beyond what is reasonable or acceptable.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of becoming attentive or interested in something. It comes from the image of animals, especially dogs, pricking up their ears when they hear something interesting.

Meaning:
To become attentive or interested in something.

Usage:

1. He pricked up his ears when he heard his name mentioned.
2. She pricked up her ears at the sound of the announcement.
3. They pricked up their ears when the teacher started the lesson.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Pay attention," "Become alert," "Listen closely."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to listen carefully or become alert to something, often due to curiosity or interest. The idiom metaphorically compares ears to the way animals' ears might stand up when they sense something, but the meaning cannot be derived from the literal words themselves.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes the idea that arrogance or pride often leads to failure or disaster.

Meaning:
Arrogance or pride often leads to failure or disaster.

Usage:

1. He learned the hard way that pride goes before a fall.
2. She warned him that pride goes before a fall after his boastful remarks.
3. They reminded each other that pride goes before a fall when discussing their success.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hubris leads to downfall," "Arrogance precedes failure," "Pride leads to ruin"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that excessive pride often leads to failure or downfall. The phrase uses the idea of pride leading to a fall metaphorically, rather than literally.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of extending a painful or uncomfortable situation. It comes from the idea of making agony last longer than necessary.

Meaning:
To extend a painful or uncomfortable situation.

Usage:

1. She didn't want to prolong the agony and made a quick decision.
2. He felt they were prolonging the agony by delaying the announcement.
3. They chose not to prolong the agony and addressed the issue immediately.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Drag out," "Extend the pain," "Protract."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to extend a difficult or painful situation unnecessarily, not a literal form of agony. The word "prolong" is used here metaphorically, as it suggests an emotional or mental struggle rather than a physical experience of pain.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of being very proud or self-important. It comes from the image of a peacock displaying its magnificent feathers.

Meaning:
To be very proud or self-important.

Usage:

1. He walked into the room, proud as a peacock.
2. She felt proud as a peacock when she received the award.
3. They were proud as a peacock after winning the competition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Full of pride," "Self-important," "Swaggering."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to feel very proud or to be overly self-satisfied. The "peacock" here symbolizes vanity and pride, and the comparison is not literal but instead conveys an exaggerated sense of pride.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes demonstrating one's abilities or courage.

Meaning:
Demonstrating one's abilities or courage.

Usage:

1. He wanted to prove his mettle in the new role.
2. She proved her mettle by handling the crisis effectively.
3. They knew this project was their chance to prove their mettle.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Show one's worth," "Demonstrate ability," "Exhibit courage"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to show one’s true strength, character, or ability, especially in difficult circumstances. "Mettle" refers to one's resilience, and the idiom uses it metaphorically, not literally relating to material or substance.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes deceiving or tricking someone.

Meaning:
Deceiving or tricking someone.

Usage:

1. He tried to pull a fast one by pretending to be sick.
2. She realized he was pulling a fast one when he changed the terms of the deal.
3. They were wary of him pulling a fast one during negotiations.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Deceive," "Trick," "Hoodwink"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to deceive or trick someone, often in a clever or unexpected way. The phrase "pull" in this idiom doesn’t refer to a literal action, but to an act of trickery.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being direct and uncompromising. It comes from boxing, where pulling punches means to hit with less force.

Meaning:
To be direct and uncompromising.

Usage:

1. He pulled no punches in his criticism.
2. She appreciated that he pulled no punches in their conversation.
3. They knew he would pull no punches in his feedback.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be blunt," "Speak directly," "Be forthright."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to speak or act in an honest, direct, or unrestrained manner, without holding back. The idiom uses "punches" metaphorically to refer to any action or words that might be softened or restrained.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes making a maximum effort.

Meaning:
Making a maximum effort.

Usage:

1. They pulled out all the stops to make the event a success.
2. She pulled out all the stops for her final project.
3. He decided to pull out all the stops to impress his boss.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Give it all you've got," "Go all out," "Spare no effort"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to use every possible resource or effort to achieve something. The idiom originates from the literal action of pulling out stops in an organ to maximize its sound, but the meaning has become non-literal in a broader context.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes teasing or joking with someone.

Meaning:
Teasing or joking with someone.

Usage:

1. He was just pulling your leg about the surprise party.
2. She loves to pull her friend's leg with funny stories.
3. They realized he was pulling their leg with his tall tale.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Tease," "Joke," "Kid"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to trick or joke with someone, often in a playful manner. The literal act of pulling someone’s leg is not involved; instead, it refers to playful deception.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of using one's influence to achieve something. It comes from the idea of pulling strings like a puppeteer to control outcomes.

Meaning:
To use one's influence to achieve something.

Usage:

1. She pulled strings to get him the job.
2. He managed to pull strings and get tickets to the sold-out show.
3. They knew she had to pull strings to make it happen.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Use influence," "Pull favors," "Leverage connections."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to use influence or connections to get something done, not literally pulling strings. The idiom figuratively refers to controlling or manipulating a situation behind the scenes.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the act of expressing disbelief or skepticism. It comes from the idea of suggesting that a story is so far-fetched that it must be a joke.

Meaning:
To express disbelief or skepticism.

Usage:

1. When he told his wild tale, she said, "Pull the other one, it's got bells on."
2. He responded with, "Pull the other one, it's got bells on," when he heard the claim.
3. They laughed and said, "Pull the other one, it's got bells on," at the exaggeration.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Yeah, right," "You're kidding," "No way."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to express disbelief or to indicate that someone is joking or not being truthful. The idiom "bells on" adds to the sarcasm, implying that the speaker is not taking what is said seriously.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes stopping something or ending an activity.

Meaning:
Stopping something or ending an activity.

Usage:

1. They decided to pull the plug on the failing project.
2. She pulled the plug on the subscription service.
3. He had to pull the plug on the event due to low attendance.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stop," "Terminate," "End"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to end or stop something abruptly, especially a project, plan, or process. The idiom uses "plug" metaphorically to represent an action that halts progress, not a literal object.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes suddenly removing support or assistance.

Meaning:
Suddenly removing support or assistance.

Usage:

1. They felt like she pulled the rug out from under them when she quit.
2. He pulled the rug out from under his team by canceling the project.
3. She was shocked when he pulled the rug out from under her plans.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Withdraw support," "Undermine," "Disrupt"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to suddenly and unexpectedly remove support or destabilize a situation. The "rug" is metaphorical, representing the foundation or support that is abruptly taken away.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes deceiving or fooling someone.

Meaning:
Deceiving or fooling someone.

Usage:

1. He tried to pull the wool over their eyes with his fake story.
2. She realized they had pulled the wool over her eyes.
3. They warned him not to let anyone pull the wool over his eyes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Deceive," "Trick," "Fool"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to deceive or trick someone. The "wool" here is a metaphor for a covering that prevents someone from seeing the truth, making it a figurative expression.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of surviving or overcoming a difficult situation. It comes from the idea of pulling oneself through a tough time.

Meaning:
To survive or overcome a difficult situation.

Usage:

1. She was determined to pull through after the accident.
2. He pulled through the tough times with support from friends.
3. They were relieved when he pulled through the surgery.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Survive," "Overcome," "Get through."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to successfully overcoming a difficult or dangerous situation, such as recovering from an illness. The idiom does not literally refer to "pulling" anything, but instead describes the act of overcoming adversity.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of making an effort to improve or work harder. It comes from the image of pulling up one's socks as a sign of readiness.

Meaning:
To make an effort to improve or work harder.

Usage:

1. He needed to pull up his socks and focus on his studies.
2. She told him to pull up his socks and get serious about the job.
3. They knew they had to pull up their socks to meet the deadline.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make an effort," "Work harder," "Get serious."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to improve one's performance, make an effort, or act more seriously. The idiom uses "socks" metaphorically to suggest that someone needs to "lift" their standards, not literally pulling up clothing.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes performing better than expected for one's abilities.

Meaning:
Performing better than expected for one's abilities.

Usage:

1. The small team punched above their weight in the competition.
2. She has always punched above her weight in her career.
3. They punched above their weight by securing the major contract.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Exceed expectations," "Outperform," "Surpass"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to perform or compete at a level higher than expected or beyond one’s apparent capability. The idiom uses "punching" metaphorically to describe effort beyond one’s perceived capacity.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the late 20th century, symbolizing the idea of an overly optimistic or idealistic view of the world. It comes from the image of happy and cheerful things like puppies and rainbows.

Meaning:
An overly optimistic or idealistic view of the world.

Usage:

1. He sees the world as all puppies and rainbows.
2. She tried to convince them it wasn't all puppies and rainbows.
3. They joked about the puppies and rainbows perspective.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overly optimistic," "Idealistic," "Rose-colored glasses."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively represents an overly idealistic or perfect view of life, suggesting a world full of happiness and innocence. The literal imagery of puppies and rainbows doesn't match the intended meaning, as it's used metaphorically to describe a dreamy or unrealistic view.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of giving someone a pleading, innocent look, similar to that of a puppy. It comes from the image of a puppy's big, expressive eyes.

Meaning:
To give someone a pleading, innocent look.

Usage:

1. He looked at her with puppy dog eyes, hoping for forgiveness.
2. She couldn't resist his puppy dog eyes.
3. They used puppy dog eyes to get what they wanted.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Innocent look," "Pleading gaze," "Begging expression."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a look of innocent pleading or affection, typically used to describe someone who is trying to gain favor or sympathy. The literal meaning of "puppy dog" eyes does not apply here, as the idiom describes a type of expression rather than actual eyes.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing a young or adolescent romantic infatuation. It comes from the idea of young love being innocent and playful, like a puppy.

Meaning:
A young or adolescent romantic infatuation.

Usage:

1. Their relationship was just puppy love.
2. She remembered her first puppy love fondly.
3. They teased him about his puppy love for the girl next door.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Infatuation," "Young love," "Adolescent crush."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a naive or childish form of romantic love, often associated with young people. The idiom does not literally refer to puppies or dogs but uses them to symbolize the innocence and simplicity of early affection.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century, symbolizing the act of being completely innocent or virtuous. It comes from the image of freshly fallen snow being clean and pure.

Meaning:
To be completely innocent or virtuous.

Usage:

1. She was described as pure as the driven snow.
2. He thought she was as pure as the driven snow.
3. They admired her for being as pure as the driven snow.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Innocent," "Virtuous," "Untainted."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be morally pure or innocent. While "driven snow" can be a literal image, the idiom uses it metaphorically to express an idealized version of purity, and the meaning cannot be deduced from the literal words alone.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes a situation becoming critical and requiring action.

Meaning:
A situation becoming critical and requiring action.

Usage:

1. If push comes to shove, we can always ask for help.
2. She knew that if push came to shove, she could manage on her own.
3. They decided that if push came to shove, they would make the tough decision.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"When the chips are down," "In a pinch," "In a crisis"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a point at which something must be decided or action must be taken, especially under pressure. It uses "push" and "shove" metaphorically to describe escalating circumstances.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes provoking or irritating someone.

Meaning:
Provoking or irritating someone.

Usage:

1. He knows how to push her buttons and make her angry.
2. She kept pushing his buttons with her annoying comments.
3. They warned him not to push the manager's buttons.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Irritate," "Annoy," "Provoke"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to provoke or irritate someone intentionally. The idiom uses "buttons" metaphorically to refer to sensitive areas that, when triggered, lead to a reaction.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of taking a risk that may exceed one's previous success. It comes from the idea of pushing one's fortune to the limit.

Meaning:
To take a risk that may exceed one's previous success.

Usage:

1. He decided to push his luck and ask for a raise.
2. She warned him not to push his luck.
3. They knew they were pushing their luck with another risky move.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Take a risk," "Test fate," "Stretch fortune."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take a risk or test how much good fortune one can handle, potentially leading to negative consequences. The idiom does not literally refer to physically pushing someone’s luck but instead uses the idea of "pushing" as a metaphor for testing limits.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes testing limits or trying new things.

Meaning:
Testing limits or trying new things.

Usage:

1. The designer pushed the envelope with her innovative fashion line.
2. He always pushes the envelope in his creative work.
3. They encouraged the team to push the envelope in their project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Test limits," "Innovate," "Go beyond"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to go beyond the usual limits or boundaries of what is possible or acceptable. The idiom uses "envelope" metaphorically, referring to limits being stretched or tested.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes reacting with undue alarm to a situation.

Meaning:
Reacting with undue alarm to a situation.

Usage:

1. She pushed the panic button when the deadline approached.
2. He told her not to push the panic button over a minor issue.
3. They tried to stay calm and not push the panic button.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overreact," "Panic," "Alarm"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to react with unnecessary alarm or to cause a situation to escalate quickly out of fear or stress. The "panic button" is metaphorical, symbolizing an exaggerated response to stress.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being dead and buried. It comes from the idea of daisies growing over a grave.

Meaning:
To be dead and buried.

Usage:

1. He joked that he'd be pushing up the daisies soon.
2. She said her old car would be pushing up the daisies soon.
3. They knew the character was pushing up the daisies by the end of the film.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Dead," "Deceased," "Buried."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be dead and buried. The idiom uses "daisies" to symbolize the flowers that might grow on a grave, but the meaning is about death, which is non-literal and figurative.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes stopping or controlling something, often a conversation or behavior.

Meaning:
To stop or control something, often a conversation or behavior.

Usage:

1. He told them to put a lid on it and focus on work.
2. She tried to put a lid on the gossip.
3. They decided to put a lid on the rumors before they spread.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Shut up," "Silence," "Hush"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to stop talking or to keep something quiet. The phrase "lid" is metaphorical, symbolizing a cover or closure, not a literal object placed over something.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century and symbolizes telling someone to be quiet.

Meaning:
To tell someone to be quiet.

Usage:

1. He jokingly told his friend to put a sock in it during the movie.
2. She wanted to tell her noisy neighbor to put a sock in it.
3. They all agreed it was time for him to put a sock in it.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be quiet," "Shut up," "Hush"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to tell someone to be quiet or stop talking. The "sock" here is a metaphor for a silencing action, not referring to the literal item used to block sound.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the act of causing a disruption or hindrance to a plan. It comes from the idea of throwing a spanner (wrench) into machinery, causing it to stop.

Meaning:
To cause a disruption or hindrance to a plan.

Usage:

1. His sudden departure put a spanner in the works of their plans.
2. She feared the new regulations would put a spanner in the works.
3. They didn't expect the issue to put a spanner in the works.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Disrupt," "Hinder," "Sabotage."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to disrupt or cause a problem in a plan or process. The literal image of a "spanner" (wrench) in machinery cannot be applied here to the situation; it is used metaphorically to signify disruption, making it non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes presenting information in a particular way to influence perception.

Meaning:
To present information in a particular way to influence perception.

Usage:

1. The politician put a positive spin on the bad news.
2. She tried to put a spin on the situation to make it seem better.
3. They put a spin on the results to highlight the successes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Present favorably," "Influence perception," "Twist the facts"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to present something in a particular way or to interpret it with a specific angle, often to make it seem better or more favorable. The "spin" is metaphorical and represents the process of changing perception.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of unfairly influencing the outcome of something. It comes from the idea of a dishonest vendor pressing a thumb on the scale to increase the weight.

Meaning:
To unfairly influence the outcome of something.

Usage:

1. He was accused of putting a thumb on the scale during the negotiations.
2. She warned them not to put a thumb on the scale to favor their proposal.
3. They noticed someone had put a thumb on the scale in the competition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Bias," "Manipulate," "Influence unfairly."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to unfairly influence or manipulate a decision or outcome. The literal meaning of "thumb on a scale" is a subtle attempt to alter weight, but the idiom is used metaphorically to suggest biased actions, rather than a physical manipulation of a scale.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, primarily in American English, symbolizing the act of giving one's opinion or input. It comes from the idea of contributing a small amount, like two cents, to a discussion.

Meaning:
To give one's opinion or input.

Usage:

1. He put in his two cents during the meeting.
2. She always puts in her two cents on every topic.
3. They asked everyone to put in their two cents on the proposal.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Offer opinion," "Contribute thoughts," "Give input."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to offer one's opinion or thoughts on a matter, typically without being asked, and it is not about the literal act of inserting money. The figurative meaning of "two cents" as a small contribution to a discussion cannot be deduced from the literal interpretation of the words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of making superficial or cosmetic changes to something without addressing its underlying flaws. It comes from the image of dressing up a pig with lipstick.

Meaning:
To make superficial or cosmetic changes to something without addressing its underlying flaws.

Usage:

1. The changes were just putting lipstick on a pig.
2. She said that no matter how they dressed it up, it was just lipstick on a pig.
3. They felt the rebranding was like putting lipstick on a pig.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Superficial changes," "Cosmetic changes," "Window dressing."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to try to make something that is inherently unattractive or unappealing seem better by superficial changes. The idiom uses "lipstick on a pig" metaphorically, and the meaning cannot be deduced from the literal interpretation of putting lipstick on an animal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of backing up one's words with action or financial commitment. It comes from the idea of supporting claims or statements with tangible proof.

Meaning:
To back up one's words with action or financial commitment.

Usage:

1. He told them to put their money where their mouth is and invest in the project.
2. She decided to put her money where her mouth is and donate to the cause.
3. They challenged each other to put their money where their mouth is.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Back up claims," "Prove it," "Support with action."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to back up one's words with actions or financial support. The idiom is figurative in that it suggests committing to something by investing money or taking real action, and the literal interpretation of "putting money in your mouth" does not convey the intended meaning.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes behaving in a way that shows one thinks they are better than others.

Meaning:
Behaving in a way that shows one thinks they are better than others.

Usage:

1. She was accused of putting on airs after her promotion.
2. He dislikes people who put on airs and act superior.
3. They noticed she started putting on airs after moving to a big city.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Act superior," "Pretentious," "Show off"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to behave in a pretentious or superior manner, often trying to appear more important or refined than one really is. "Air" here refers metaphorically to an inflated sense of self.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of reprimanding or humbling someone who is acting arrogantly. It comes from the idea of reminding someone of their proper position or status.

Meaning:
To reprimand or humble someone who is acting arrogantly.

Usage:

1. She put him in his place after his rude comment.
2. He needed to be put in his place for his behavior.
3. They put the arrogant newcomer in his place.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Reprimand," "Humble," "Correct."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to humble or reprimand someone, often by reminding them of their status or limitations. The literal meaning of "putting someone in their place" suggests a physical act of placing someone somewhere, but the figurative meaning involves a metaphorical "place," not a physical one. This cannot be understood by the words alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes idolizing or admiring someone excessively.

Meaning:
Idolizing or admiring someone excessively.

Usage:

1. She felt uncomfortable when they put her on a pedestal.
2. He put his mentor on a pedestal, seeing no faults in him.
3. They warned against putting celebrities on a pedestal.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Idolize," "Adulate," "Hero-worship"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to treat someone as being perfect or superior, often excessively. The idiom uses the "pedestal" metaphorically to elevate someone above others, implying idealization rather than a literal act.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of placing someone in a difficult or uncomfortable situation, often by asking a tough question. It comes from the idea of being in the spotlight, where everyone can see.

Meaning:
To place someone in a difficult or uncomfortable situation, often by asking a tough question.

Usage:

1. He put her on the spot with his unexpected question.
2. She didn't mean to put him on the spot during the meeting.
3. They felt put on the spot when asked about their plans.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Corner," "Pressure," "Challenge."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to put someone in a difficult or uncomfortable situation where they have to respond immediately, often with little preparation. While it may evoke the image of someone being physically "on the spot," the expression is about the figurative pressure of the situation and cannot be deduced from the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of retiring someone, especially when they are no longer effective or useful. It comes from the idea of sending old livestock to pasture when they are no longer productive.

Meaning:
To retire someone, especially when they are no longer effective or useful.

Usage:

1. He felt he was being put out to pasture after the new management took over.
2. She didn't want to be put out to pasture just because of her age.
3. They decided it was time to put him out to pasture after years of service.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Retire," "Dismiss," "Phase out."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to retiring someone, usually from work or a particular role, often due to age or an inability to perform. The literal meaning of putting someone "out to pasture" suggests sending them to a farm to live out their days, but it figuratively refers to a decline in productivity or usefulness, which is not immediately apparent from the individual words.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of testing someone's abilities or performance. It comes from the idea of making a horse demonstrate its skills by going through various paces.

Meaning:
To test someone's abilities or performance.

Usage:

1. The coach put the new recruits through their paces during practice.
2. She put her team through their paces to ensure they were ready for the presentation.
3. They put the candidates through their paces during the interview process.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Test," "Evaluate," "Assess."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to test someone's abilities or put them through a series of tasks or challenges to assess their performance. The literal "paces" refer to a physical movement, but the figurative meaning involves testing someone's skills or endurance, making it an idiomatic expression rather than a straightforward phrase.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of making a great effort to make a good impression. It comes from the idea of leading with the best or strongest foot.

Meaning:
To make a great effort to make a good impression.

Usage:

1. He put his best foot forward during the job interview.
2. She always puts her best foot forward when meeting new clients.
3. They encouraged each other to put their best foot forward for the presentation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make a good impression," "Do your best," "Give it your all."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to make the best impression by trying hard or performing at one's best. The idiom uses the metaphor of "putting your best foot forward," implying a positive and focused attitude. This cannot be understood literally and requires interpretation beyond the individual words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being honest and open about one's intentions or plans. It comes from the idea of laying one's cards out in a game.

Meaning:
To be honest and open about one's intentions or plans.

Usage:

1. He decided to put his cards on the table and reveal his true feelings.
2. She put her cards on the table during the negotiations.
3. They agreed to put their cards on the table to resolve the issue.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be honest," "Reveal intentions," "Come clean."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be honest or open about one's intentions or thoughts, especially in a situation where secrets or ambiguity were present. The reference to "cards" comes from card games, where revealing your cards means showing your intentions. This expression has a figurative meaning and cannot be understood solely from the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of relaxing, often by sitting with one's feet elevated. It comes from the image of physically putting one's feet up to rest.

Meaning:
To relax, often by sitting with one's feet elevated.

Usage:

1. He couldn't wait to put his feet up after a long day.
2. She enjoys putting her feet up and reading a book.
3. They put their feet up and watched a movie.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Relax," "Rest," "Take it easy."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to relax or take a break, usually after a period of hard work. While the literal action of putting one's feet up is possible, the figurative meaning here is about rest and relaxation, not about the physical act of putting feet in an elevated position.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of asserting one's authority or making a firm decision. It comes from the idea of firmly putting one's foot down to make a stand.

Meaning:
To assert one's authority or make a firm decision.

Usage:

1. He put his foot down and refused to accept any excuses.
2. She had to put her foot down to enforce the rules.
3. They put their foot down about the new policy.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Assert authority," "Be firm," "Stand one's ground."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to assert authority or make a firm decision, often in a way that forces others to comply. The literal meaning of physically putting a foot down is not what the expression conveys; it refers to the figurative act of asserting control or making a final stand, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of saying something embarrassing or inappropriate. It comes from the image of literally putting one's foot in one's mouth as an act of self-sabotage.

Meaning:
To say something embarrassing or inappropriate.

Usage:

1. He put his foot in his mouth by making a rude comment.
2. She realized she had put her foot in her mouth during the conversation.
3. They laughed about how he always puts his foot in his mouth.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Say something embarrassing," "Make a faux pas," "Blunder."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to say something embarrassing, inappropriate, or tactless. The expression "putting your foot in your mouth" evokes the image of accidentally saying something foolish, but it is a figurative way of describing an error in speech, and it cannot be understood based on the literal words alone.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of telling someone to accept and consider something, often when it's not what they want to hear. It comes from the image of putting tobacco in a pipe to smoke it.

Meaning:
To tell someone to accept and consider something, often when it's not what they want to hear.

Usage:

1. He told them to put that in their pipe and smoke it after winning the argument.
2. She said, "Put that in your pipe and smoke it," when she proved her point.
3. They laughed and told him to put that in his pipe and smoke it.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Accept it," "Deal with it," "Think about it."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means accepting something unpleasant or difficult to accept, often with a defiant attitude. The idiom uses the image of a pipe metaphorically to suggest something that can be taken in (smoked), but the phrase itself carries a figurative meaning that cannot be deduced from the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes doing things in the wrong order.

Meaning:
Doing things in the wrong order.

Usage:

1. They put the cart before the horse by trying to sell the product before it was developed.
2. She realized she had put the cart before the horse by booking the venue without a guest list.
3. He warned them not to put the cart before the horse in their planning.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Premature," "Backwards," "Out of sequence"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to do things in the wrong order or to make a decision that is illogical. The idiom uses "cart" and "horse" metaphorically to indicate an inversion of logical sequence, not referring to actual transportation equipment.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes causing trouble or creating a disturbance.

Meaning:
Causing trouble or creating a disturbance.

Usage:

1. His announcement put the cat among the pigeons in the meeting.
2. She put the cat among the pigeons by revealing the secret.
3. They knew her decision would put the cat among the pigeons.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stir up trouble," "Cause a commotion," "Ruffle feathers"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to cause trouble or stir up a situation. The idiom uses the "cat" and "pigeons" metaphorically to represent disturbance or chaos, rather than an actual cat interacting with pigeons.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of trying to reverse or contain something that has already been unleashed or revealed. It comes from the idea of trying to return a genie to its bottle after it has been released.

Meaning:
To try to reverse or contain something that has already been unleashed or revealed.

Usage:

1. Once the news was out, it was impossible to put the genie back in the bottle.
2. She knew it was too late to put the genie back in the bottle after the secret was revealed.
3. They tried to put the genie back in the bottle, but the damage was done.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Reverse the situation," "Contain the fallout," "Undo the action."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to an attempt to undo something that cannot be reversed, often relating to the difficulty of solving a problem once it has been created. The genie is a symbolic representation of something uncontrollable or out of hand, and this meaning cannot be understood from the literal words themselves.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes putting an end to something.

Meaning:
Putting an end to something.

Usage:

1. They put the kibosh on the project due to budget issues.
2. She put the kibosh on the plans after discovering the risks.
3. He decided to put the kibosh on the proposal.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stop," "Terminate," "Halt"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to stop or prevent something from happening. The "kibosh" is a metaphorical term, meaning an action that puts an end to something, rather than referring to a physical object.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes speeding up or making a maximum effort.

Meaning:
Speeding up or making a maximum effort.

Usage:

1. He put the pedal to the metal to meet the deadline.
2. She put the pedal to the metal on the highway.
3. They needed to put the pedal to the metal to finish on time.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Speed up," "Accelerate," "Go full throttle"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to go as fast as possible or put maximum effort into something. The idiom uses the "pedal" and "metal" metaphorically to symbolize full acceleration or effort, not a literal mechanical action.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of pressuring someone to achieve a desired outcome. It comes from the idea of squeezing to exert pressure.

Meaning:
To pressure someone to achieve a desired outcome.

Usage:

1. He put the squeeze on his contacts to get the job done.
2. She felt the manager was putting the squeeze on her to meet the deadline.
3. They put the squeeze on the suppliers for better terms.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Pressure," "Coerce," "Push."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to apply pressure on someone, often to get them to do something or to extract something from them. While the idiom uses "squeeze" in a way that evokes a physical action, the meaning is figurative, relating to the idea of exerting pressure in a more abstract or social context.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes making a logical conclusion from the available information.

Meaning:
Making a logical conclusion from the available information.

Usage:

1. She put two and two together and realized who was responsible.
2. He finally put two and two together about the situation.
3. They put two and two together and figured out the puzzle.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Conclude," "Deduce," "Infer"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to deduce or understand something based on clues or evidence. The idiom uses a simple mathematical operation metaphorically to describe the process of combining information to reach a conclusion.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes pretending to be something one is not.

Meaning:
Pretending to be something one is not.

Usage:

1. He put up a front to hide his insecurities.
2. She put up a front of confidence during the interview.
3. They put up a front to appear strong in difficult times.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Pretend," "Feign," "Masquerade"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to pretend to be something you are not, often to hide true feelings or intentions. The "front" is metaphorical, symbolizing an external appearance that conceals reality.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes taking action to back up one's claims or remaining silent.

Meaning:
Taking action to back up one's claims or remaining silent.

Usage:

1. He told them to put up or shut up regarding their complaints.
2. She decided it was time to put up or shut up about her ambitions.
3. They challenged him to put up or shut up on his boasts.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Prove it," "Back it up," "Show results"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that someone should either take action or stop talking. The "put up" and "shut up" parts are used in a metaphorical way, with "put up" meaning to make a valid attempt and "shut up" meaning to stop talking, which isn't directly linked to the literal actions.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of incorrectly attributing statements or opinions to someone. It comes from the idea of putting words in someone's mouth that they did not actually say.

Meaning:
To incorrectly attribute statements or opinions to someone.

Usage:

1. He accused her of putting words in his mouth.
2. She was careful not to put words in their mouths during the discussion.
3. They didn't appreciate him putting words in their mouths.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Misquote," "Misrepresent," "Attribute falsely."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to attribute or falsely claim that someone has said something they did not say. The idiom uses the literal image of placing words into someone’s mouth, but the meaning is figurative, referring to manipulation or misrepresentation of speech.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes making a great first impression or trying one's hardest.

Meaning:
Making a great first impression or trying one's hardest.

Usage:

1. He put his best foot forward during the job interview.
2. She always puts her best foot forward in new situations.
3. They put their best foot forward to impress the clients.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Give your best," "Make a good impression," "Do your utmost"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to make the best possible impression or to approach a situation with confidence and effort. The literal meaning of "put your best foot forward" would imply stepping with one foot first, but the figurative meaning is about trying one's hardest, especially in social or professional situations. The idiom cannot be understood through its literal meaning alone, as it refers to an effort to present oneself in the best light rather than an actual movement of one's feet. Thus, it is classified as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes asserting one's authority or standing firm on an issue.

Meaning:
Asserting one's authority or standing firm on an issue.

Usage:

1. She put her foot down about the curfew.
2. He decided to put his foot down on the budget cuts.
3. They had to put their foot down to maintain discipline.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Assert authority," "Stand firm," "Be decisive"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take a firm stand or to assert authority in a situation. "Foot" here symbolizes making a strong decision, not referring to a literal action of placing one's foot down.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes saying something embarrassing or inappropriate.

Meaning:
Saying something embarrassing or inappropriate.

Usage:

1. He put his foot in his mouth during the meeting.
2. She realized she had put her foot in her mouth with her comment.
3. They warned him to be careful not to put his foot in his mouth.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Say something wrong," "Blunder," "Misspeak"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to say something embarrassing or inappropriate. The "foot" is metaphorical, symbolizing the action of making a verbal blunder, not the literal act of putting one's foot in the mouth.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes backing up one's claims with action or financial commitment.

Meaning:
Backing up one's claims with action or financial commitment.

Usage:

1. He decided to put his money where his mouth is by investing in the project.
2. She told them to put their money where their mouth is and donate.
3. They needed to put their money where their mouth is to support the cause.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Take action," "Prove it," "Commit"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to back up your words with actions, especially when making a claim. "Money" and "mouth" are metaphors, symbolizing the need to make a tangible effort to support what one says, rather than referring to literal money or speech.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes imagining oneself in someone else's situation to understand their perspective.

Meaning:
Imagining oneself in someone else's situation to understand their perspective.

Usage:

1. She tried to put herself in his shoes to understand his feelings.
2. He put himself in her shoes and felt empathy for her struggles.
3. They encouraged others to put themselves in the client's shoes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Empathize," "Understand perspective," "Walk a mile in someone's shoes"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to understand or empathize with someone else's situation. The "shoes" here symbolize the position or perspective of another person, not referring to literal footwear.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes an insulting or critical remark.

Meaning:
An insulting or critical remark.

Usage:

1. She felt hurt by his put-down during the conversation.
2. He often uses put-downs to make others feel inferior.
3. They decided to ignore his put-downs and stay positive.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Insult," "Criticism," "Derogatory remark"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to an insult or a belittling remark. The "put" part is metaphorical, representing the action of lowering or demeaning someone, not a literal act of placing something down.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing a victory that comes at such a great cost that it is almost tantamount to defeat. It comes from King Pyrrhus of Epirus, whose army suffered irreplaceable casualties in defeating the Romans.

Meaning:
A victory that comes at such a great cost that it is almost tantamount to defeat.

Usage:

1. Their legal win was a Pyrrhic victory, costing them millions in legal fees.
2. She realized her promotion was a Pyrrhic victory due to the resulting stress.
3. They knew the deal was a Pyrrhic victory after losing key clients.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Costly success," "Hollow victory," "Defeat in disguise."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a victory that comes at such a great cost to the victor that it is almost equivalent to defeat. The term originates from historical events but has taken on a figurative meaning that refers to any situation where the cost of success outweighs the benefits. This cannot be understood from the literal meaning of "victory" alone.