Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of remaining calm and composed, especially in stressful situations.

Meaning:
To remain calm and composed, especially in stressful situations.

Usage:

1. She managed to keep a level head during the crisis.
2. He was known for keeping a level head under pressure.
3. They advised him to keep a level head and think rationally.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay calm," "Remain composed," "Keep cool."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to staying calm, rational, and composed, particularly in stressful or challenging situations. The idiom uses "level head" metaphorically to suggest balance and control over one's emotions. While "head" could be interpreted literally, the meaning of keeping a level head involves the figurative concept of mental stability, not the literal action of leveling a physical head. Therefore, it is an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom originated in England in the 19th century, symbolizing courage and emotional restraint during tough times.

Meaning:
To remain calm and composed in the face of adversity.

Usage:

1. He kept a stiff upper lip despite the challenges he faced.
2. She taught her children to keep a stiff upper lip during hard times.
3. The team kept a stiff upper lip after losing the match.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hold your head high", "Keep your chin up", "Stay strong".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to maintaining composure or not showing emotion, especially in challenging situations. The idiom does not refer literally to keeping a lip stiff but metaphorically implies stoicism and control over one's emotions.

Origin:
The idiom traces back to the 18th century, symbolizing the struggle to survive by meeting basic needs.

Meaning:
To survive, especially financially or physically.

Usage:

1. She worked three jobs just to keep body and soul together.
2. During the tough times, they barely kept body and soul together.
3. He managed to keep body and soul together despite losing his job.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make ends meet", "Hold on by a thread", "Scrape by".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to managing to survive, especially in difficult circumstances. The words “body” and “soul” don’t literally refer to the idea of survival but are figurative representations of staying alive or making ends meet.

Origin:
Popularized in the 1990s through hip-hop culture, this idiom emphasizes authenticity and staying true to oneself.

Meaning:
To stay genuine, honest, and authentic.

Usage:

1. She always keeps it real, no matter the situation.
2. Keep it real when sharing your opinions; people value honesty.
3. He told his story, keeping it real and raw for the audience.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be yourself", "Stay true", "Call it like it is".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stay authentic or true to oneself, especially in the face of pressure to conform. While the words "real" and "keep" have literal meanings, the idiom itself conveys a figurative idea about authenticity.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the early 1900s when "wraps" referred to coverings or concealments, symbolizing secrecy.

Meaning:
To keep something secret or hidden.

Usage:

1. They kept the surprise party under wraps until the big day.
2. The company kept the new product under wraps before its official launch.
3. Keep it under wraps until we finalize the details.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Keep it hush-hush", "Stay tight-lipped", "Keep it on the down low".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to keep something a secret or not reveal information. The idiom uses "wraps" metaphorically to refer to secrecy, which cannot be directly deduced from the literal meaning of "under" or "wraps."

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of keeping something a secret or confidential.

Meaning:
To keep something a secret or confidential.

Usage:

1. She told him to keep it under his hat until the announcement.
2. He promised to keep the news under his hat.
3. They kept the plan under their hats to avoid leaks.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Keep a secret," "Confidential," "Don't tell anyone."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to keep something secret or private. The idiom doesn’t imply literally hiding something under a hat, but instead uses the "hat" as a metaphor for secrecy. The figurative meaning of keeping information hidden cannot be directly derived from the literal words, making this an idiom.

Origin:
Stemming from biblical references, particularly in the Gospel of Matthew, this idiom dates back to the 17th century and symbolizes moral uprightness.

Meaning:
To behave in a morally correct or disciplined manner.

Usage:

1. He worked hard to stay on the straight and narrow after leaving trouble behind.
2. Parents often encourage their children to keep on the straight and narrow.
3. She keeps on the straight and narrow, avoiding temptation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay out of trouble", "Walk the line", "Do the right thing".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the phrase does not refer literally to being on a "straight" or "narrow" path but conveys the idea of moral rectitude.The idiom uses a figurative reference to a "path" that symbolizes ethical behavior, so it cannot be understood purely by the literal meanings of the words.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of maintaining a distance or avoiding close contact with someone.

Meaning:
To maintain a distance or avoid close contact with someone.

Usage:

1. She kept him at arm's length after the disagreement.
2. He decided to keep them at arm's length to avoid conflicts.
3. They kept their rivals at arm's length in the competition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Maintain distance," "Avoid closeness," "Keep away."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to maintain a certain distance from someone, either emotionally or physically, to avoid becoming too close or involved. The idiom doesn’t refer to the literal act of holding someone at arm’s length, but rather uses the imagery of physical distance to represent emotional or social separation. The meaning is non-literal, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom emerged in the 20th century from communication practices, particularly in military and business settings, where keeping someone informed ensured effective collaboration.

Meaning:
To ensure someone is updated with current information or developments.

Usage:

1. Please keep me in the loop about any changes to the schedule.
2. She likes to keep her manager in the loop about project progress.
3. The team kept their stakeholders in the loop during the product launch.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Keep informed", "Stay in the know", "Fill someone in".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the "loop" does not literally refer to a physical circle but to being part of ongoing communication or information. The meaning is figurative and cannot be directly deduced from the literal interpretation of "loop."

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of keeping someone alert and ready for anything.

Meaning:
To keep someone alert and ready for anything.

Usage:

1. The challenges kept the team on their toes.
2. She always keeps her students on their toes with surprise quizzes.
3. They kept him on his toes with constant changes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay alert," "Be vigilant," "Remain ready."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to make someone stay alert or be ready for anything, often because of challenges or unpredictability. The figurative use of "on their toes" does not refer to the literal act of standing on toes but symbolizes a heightened state of awareness or readiness. The meaning is non-literal, which classifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
Believed to have originated in the early 20th century, this idiom was used to encourage people to stay hopeful during difficult times.

Meaning:
To remain optimistic and positive in the face of adversity.

Usage:

1. Keep your chin up; things will get better soon.
2. He kept his chin up despite the criticism.
3. After the defeat, she told her team to keep their chins up.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay strong", "Hold your head high", "Keep your spirits up".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the phrase doesn’t literally involve lifting one’s chin; it’s metaphorical for staying hopeful. This expression uses the literal image of a chin, but its meaning—encouraging optimism—does not directly align with the physical act of keeping one's chin up.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the practice of listening for distant sounds, such as approaching trains or danger, dating back to the 19th century.

Meaning:
To stay alert and informed about current developments.

Usage:

1. He kept his ear to the ground for news about the promotion.
2. Keep your ear to the ground for opportunities in the industry.
3. She keeps her ear to the ground to stay ahead in her business.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay informed", "Be in the know", "Keep tabs on".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the phrase doesn’t involve literally putting one’s ear to the ground; it’s a figurative expression. The idiom uses metaphorical language, where the "ear to the ground" represents attentiveness or being in tune with current events, not a literal action.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of helping someone stay realistic and practical.

Meaning:
To be wat

Usage:

1. She keeps his feet on the ground when he gets carried away.
2. He needs someone to keep his feet on the ground with his big ideas.
3. They helped her keep her feet on the ground during the excitement.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay grounded," "Be realistic," "Keep practical."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to encourage someone to stay practical, realistic, or grounded, especially when they might become too idealistic or detached from reality. The idiom does not refer to physically keeping someone's feet on the ground, but rather uses the image of staying grounded as a metaphor for maintaining a rational or realistic perspective. The non-literal meaning makes it an idiom.

Origin:
The idiom originates from swimming, where keeping one’s head above water symbolizes survival, dating back to the 17th century.

Meaning:
To manage to survive or cope, especially in difficult situations.

Usage:

1. With rising expenses, it’s hard to keep one’s head above water.
2. He worked extra hours to keep his head above water financially.
3. The small business struggled to keep its head above water during the recession.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make ends meet", "Stay afloat", "Hold on by a thread".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it does not involve literally keeping one's head above water but refers to managing challenges. The idiom uses a metaphorical reference to water, implying survival or keeping afloat amidst adversity, not a literal description.

Origin:
Dating back to the 16th century, this idiom refers to the physical labor of grinding tools, symbolizing diligence and hard work.

Meaning:
To work hard and stay focused.

Usage:

1. He kept his nose to the grindstone and finished the project on time.
2. If you keep your nose to the grindstone, you’ll achieve success.
3. She kept her nose to the grindstone, determined to pass her exams.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Work like a dog", "Burn the midnight oil", "Put in the hard yards".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it doesn't refer to literally pressing one’s nose against a grindstone, but metaphorically to hard, relentless work. The idiom uses a figurative image of hard work, where “nose to the grindstone” symbolizes persistence and effort, not a literal action.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the 17th-century military advice to keep gunpowder dry for use in firearms, symbolizing readiness.

Meaning:
To remain prepared for a challenge or action.

Usage:

1. The team kept their powder dry, ready for the final round.
2. He kept his powder dry, saving resources for future opportunities.
3. They advised keeping your powder dry until the negotiations were complete.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay ready", "Be prepared", "Keep your ducks in a row".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the idiom originates from keeping gunpowder dry, but the meaning is figurative. It conveys readiness for action, which is a non-literal interpretation of the historical reference to gunpowder.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of preventing something undesirable from happening.

Meaning:
To prevent something undesirable from happening.

Usage:

1. She took medicine to keep the flu at bay.
2. He exercised regularly to keep stress at bay.
3. They implemented measures to keep the competition at bay.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Prevent," "Ward off," "Hold off."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to prevent something from coming too close or affecting you, usually in the context of keeping problems or dangers away. The term "at bay" refers to holding something back metaphorically, and it cannot be deduced from the literal meaning of "bay," which in this case is used figuratively to signify a safe distance. The non-literal meaning classifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of keeping something a secret. The phrase likely originated from the practice of hiding something important or valuable by keeping it under one's hat.

Meaning:
To keep something a secret.

Usage:

1. She asked him to keep the news under his hat.
2. He promised to keep the surprise party under his hat.
3. They managed to keep the project under their hats until the launch.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Keep a secret," "Keep quiet," "Not reveal."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to keep something secret or hidden. The term "under one's hat" doesn't refer to physically hiding something beneath a hat, but instead uses the hat metaphorically to represent secrecy. The figurative meaning is not directly related to the literal words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century and refers to the practice of covering or concealing something. It symbolizes keeping information or plans hidden from others.

Meaning:
To keep something hidden or secret.

Usage:

1. They kept the new product under wraps until the official release.
2. She asked him to keep the details under wraps for now.
3. He managed to keep his plans under wraps until the right time.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Keep hidden," "Conceal," "Keep secret."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to keep something secret or hidden, similar to the previous idiom . "Under wraps" refers to concealing something from others, but the meaning of "wraps" is not tied to the literal action of wrapping an object. The figurative sense of secrecy or concealment makes it an idiom.

Origin:
Originating in the 19th century, "tabs" refers to keeping a record or account of something, symbolizing close monitoring.

Meaning:
To monitor or keep a close watch on someone or something.

Usage:

1. Parents often keep tabs on their children’s online activities.
2. He kept tabs on his spending to avoid exceeding his budget.
3. The detective kept tabs on the suspect’s movements.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Track", "Keep an eye on", "Watch over".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the phrase uses "tabs" metaphorically, as it does not refer to physical tabs but to observation. The figurative meaning is not directly related to the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom likely originated in the 19th century during political campaigns in the U.S., where keeping a literal ball rolling symbolized maintaining momentum and enthusiasm.

Meaning:
To maintain progress or momentum.

Usage:

1. The team kept the ball rolling despite the setbacks.
2. He encouraged everyone to keep the ball rolling on the project.
3. She suggested a meeting to keep the ball rolling after the initial discussion.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay on track", "Keep things moving", "Maintain momentum".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the idiom uses the figurative image of a rolling ball to symbolize ongoing effort or action. The figurative meaning cannot be directly understood from the literal words.

Origin:
Derived from biblical and religious teachings, this idiom dates back to the 15th century, emphasizing trust and belief during challenging times.

Meaning:
To remain hopeful or continue believing in something or someone.

Usage:

1. Even when things got tough, she kept the faith and persevered.
2. The fans kept the faith that their team would win the championship.
3. Keep the faith; better days are coming.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hold on", "Stay hopeful", "Don’t lose heart".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the phrase uses "faith" figuratively to represent trust or confidence in something. The meaning is figurative and not tied directly to a literal interpretation of keeping physical "faith."

Origin:
Popularized during World War I by a song of the same name, this idiom symbolizes maintaining normalcy or readiness at home while loved ones are away.

Meaning:
To maintain daily routines or continue supporting loved ones during their absence.

Usage:

1. She kept the home fires burning while her husband was deployed overseas.
2. He promised to keep the home fires burning until she returned from her trip.
3. It’s important to keep the home fires burning even during tough times.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hold the fort", "Keep things running", "Stay the course".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the "home fires" are metaphorical, symbolizing the warmth and activity of home life. The figurative meaning cannot be deduced literally from the words.

Origin:
This idiom, which emerged in the 19th century, originally referred to the literal act of keeping a lid on a container to prevent contents from spilling, symbolizing control or secrecy.

Meaning:
 To suppress, control, or keep something secret.

Usage:

1. The company tried to keep the lid on the news of the merger.
2. He kept the lid on his anger during the meeting.
3. They struggled to keep the lid on the rising tensions within the group.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Keep it under wraps", "Hold it back", "Stay in control".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the "lid" is used metaphorically to represent a cover or restraint. The figurative meaning is not tied to the literal image of a physical lid.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the industrial age when machinery required constant maintenance to keep operations smooth, symbolizing consistent effort.

Meaning:
To maintain progress or ensure things continue running smoothly.

Usage:

1. The manager worked tirelessly to keep the wheels turning during the crisis.
2. Volunteers kept the wheels turning at the food bank.
3. The staff’s dedication keeps the wheels turning in the organization.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Keep it running", "Maintain flow", "Keep the engine going".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the "wheels" are metaphorical, symbolizing mechanisms or processes. The figurative meaning does not relate directly to literal wheels but to the idea of systems or progress.

Origin:
Dating back to the 16th century, this idiom refers to fending off literal or metaphorical wolves, symbolizing survival and staving off poverty or danger.

Meaning:
To ensure basic needs are met, especially during difficult times.

Usage:

1. He took on a second job to keep the wolf from the door.
2. They worked hard to keep the wolf from the door during the economic downturn.
3. Her small savings kept the wolf from the door while she looked for work.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make ends meet", "Stay afloat", "Keep hunger at bay".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to fend off poverty or hunger, which is a figurative expression. The idiom does not literally involve a wolf or a door but uses these elements metaphorically to represent dire financial or physical need.

Origin:
This idiom traces its origins to biblical references, such as Matthew 7:14, which talks about the "narrow path" that leads to righteousness. It has been used since the 17th century to symbolize a virtuous, disciplined life.

Meaning:
To live an honest and morally upright life.

Usage:

1. He promised his parents he would keep to the straight and narrow after his recent mistakes.
2. Despite her friends’ bad influence, she managed to keep to the straight and narrow.
3. Staying focused on your goals can help you keep to the straight and narrow.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay on the right path", "Follow the rules", "Toe the line".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to staying on a morally upright or disciplined path. The "straight and narrow" is figurative, symbolizing ethical behavior rather than an actual path.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to 17th-century England and refers to maintaining a facade of wealth or propriety despite difficulties, symbolizing societal pressures to conform.

Meaning:
 To maintain an outward show of normalcy or success, often despite difficulties.

Usage:

1. They struggled financially but kept up appearances to avoid gossip.
2. Even when stressed, she managed to keep up appearances at work.
3. He tries hard to keep up appearances even when things are falling apart.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Put on a brave face", "Keep the facade", "Maintain the illusion".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to maintain an outward show of normalcy or propriety, often in the face of underlying difficulties. The idiom uses "appearances" figuratively to symbolize external perceptions rather than actual physical appearances.

Origin:
This idiom became popular in the early 20th century through a comic strip by Arthur R. "Pop" Momand, symbolizing the pursuit of social or material equality with neighbors.

Meaning:
To compete with others in terms of social status or material possessions.

Usage:

1. They bought a new car just to keep up with the Joneses.
2. Keeping up with the Joneses can lead to unnecessary financial stress.
3. It’s better to focus on your own needs than to keep up with the Joneses.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Keeping up appearances", "Play the comparison game", "Keeping pace socially".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to striving to match or surpass others in material possessions or social status. The "Joneses" are used figuratively to represent neighbors or societal standards, and the idiom does not relate literally to keeping up with a specific family.

Origin:
This idiom emerged in the 20th century and is derived from the idea of staying "cool-headed," symbolizing composure and calmness during stressful situations.

Meaning:
To remain calm and composed, especially under pressure.

Usage:

1. She managed to keep her cool during the heated debate.
2. It’s important to keep your cool when dealing with difficult customers.
3. He kept his cool even when things didn’t go as planned.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay calm", "Hold your temper", "Keep it together".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to remain calm and composed in a stressful situation. The "cool" is used figuratively to symbolize self-control, as the idiom does not refer to a literal temperature.

Origin:
Derived from sports like baseball or tennis in the 19th century, where watching the ball is crucial for success, symbolizing focus and attentiveness.

Meaning:
To stay focused on a task or goal.

Usage:

1. If you want to succeed, you need to keep your eyes on the ball.
2. The manager told the team to keep their eyes on the ball during the busy season.
3. He reminded her to keep her eyes on the ball and not get distracted.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay focused", "Keep your head in the game", "Pay attention".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stay focused and attentive to a task. The "ball" is used metaphorically, often in the context of achieving goals or maintaining concentration, making it non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and is derived from the metaphor of "peeling back" eyelids to remain vigilant and observant, symbolizing heightened awareness.

Meaning:
To stay alert and watchful.

Usage:

1. Keep your eyes peeled for any signs of trouble on the trail.
2. The teacher told us to keep our eyes peeled for any changes in the schedule.
3. While driving at night, it's important to keep your eyes peeled for pedestrians.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay alert", "Be on the lookout", "Have your antenna up".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to remain vigilant or alert. The idiom does not literally involve peeling one’s eyes but instead uses the figurative image of being wide-eyed to symbolize attentiveness.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century and is derived from the medical practice of checking a patient's pulse to monitor their health. It symbolizes staying informed and aware of the latest developments.

Meaning:
To stay informed and aware of the latest developments.

Usage:

1. She keeps her finger on the pulse of the tech industry.
2. He needs to keep his finger on the pulse of market trends.
3. They keep their finger on the pulse of customer preferences.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay updated," "Be aware," "Keep informed."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stay informed or aware of the latest developments, especially in an ongoing situation. The idiom does not refer to actually checking a pulse with one’s finger but uses it metaphorically to suggest being in touch with the current state of affairs. The non-literal meaning makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom originates from early Christianity, where crossing fingers was a gesture of hope or prayer for good fortune, in use since the 17th century.

Meaning:
To hope for a good outcome.

Usage:

1. I’ll keep my fingers crossed for you during your interview.
2. We’re keeping our fingers crossed that the weather stays nice for the wedding.
3. Keep your fingers crossed; the results will be out soon.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hope for the best", "Wish upon a star", "Pray for luck".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to hope for good luck or a positive outcome. The action of crossing fingers is symbolic and not directly tied to the literal gesture.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the world of boxing in the early 20th century. Boxers are trained to keep their hands up to protect their face and body from punches. It symbolizes staying alert and cautious to avoid being caught off guard.

Meaning:
To remain cautious or defensive.

Usage:

1. Always keep your guard up when negotiating deals.
2. She kept her guard up after being betrayed by her close friend.
3. You need to keep your guard up during a debate to counter unexpected arguments.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay on your toes", "Be wary", "Be on guard".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stay cautious or alert, particularly in a defensive or protective context. The "guard" is used figuratively to symbolize vigilance rather than a literal person or defense.

Origin:
This idiom emerged from military or combat scenarios where keeping one’s head low reduced the risk of being hit, popularized in the early 20th century.

Meaning:
To avoid attention or stay out of trouble.

Usage:

1. At work, I just keep my head down and do my tasks.
2. He decided to keep his head down after the controversy.
3. Keep your head down until the boss cools off.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay under the radar", "Lie low", "Fly under the radar".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to avoid attention or trouble by staying inconspicuous. The idiom does not literally involve bowing one’s head but symbolizes keeping a low profile.

Origin:
This idiom originates from sports and coaching language in the 20th century, symbolizing the need for mental focus during a game or task.

Meaning:
To stay mentally focused and attentive.

Usage:

1. If you want to win, you need to keep your head in the game.
2. She told her team to keep their heads in the game during the critical presentation.
3. Stay focused and keep your head in the game, no matter the distractions.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay focused", "Be in the zone", "Pay attention".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stay mentally focused and engaged, often in a competitive or demanding situation. The "head in the game" is a figurative expression for maintaining concentration.

Origin:
This idiom comes from military and surveillance contexts, first used in the 20th century, symbolizing the need for constant vigilance in all directions.

Meaning:
To remain alert and aware of your surroundings.

Usage:

1. When walking in a new city, keep your head on a swivel for potential dangers.
2. The coach told the players to keep their heads on a swivel during the game.
3. He kept his head on a swivel while navigating through the crowded market.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be on the lookout", "Stay vigilant", "Have eyes in the back of your head".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stay alert and aware of one’s surroundings. The idiom uses the figurative image of a swiveling head to represent heightened vigilance.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the early 20th century as a metaphor for maintaining confidence and resilience, symbolizing positivity and determination.

Meaning:
 To stay positive and confident despite difficulties.

Usage:

1. Keep your head up; things will get better soon.
2. After losing the match, the coach encouraged the team to keep their heads up.
3. Even in tough times, she always manages to keep her head up.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay optimistic", "Chin up", "Hang in there".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to remain positive and confident, particularly in the face of adversity. The "head up" is used figuratively to symbolize maintaining self-esteem or courage.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and refers to avoiding trouble or suspicious behavior, symbolizing staying morally and legally upright.

Meaning:
To avoid trouble or mischief.

Usage:

1. He’s been keeping his nose clean ever since he started his new job.
2. If you want to stay out of trouble, keep your nose clean.
3. She’s been keeping her nose clean to impress her probation officer.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay out of trouble", "Mind your own business", "Walk the straight and narrow".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to avoid trouble or maintain a good reputation. The "nose clean" is figurative and does not literally refer to cleanliness but to ethical or lawful behavior.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the 19th century, referring to maintaining composure, as people often removed their shirts in preparation for a fight.

Meaning:
To remain calm and patient.

Usage:

1. Keep your shirt on; the results will be announced soon.
2. He told his friend to keep his shirt on when they got stuck in traffic.
3. Keep your shirt on; the repairman will be here shortly.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay calm", "Cool your jets", "Hold your horses"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to remain calm or patient, often in situations where someone is becoming agitated. The idiom uses "shirt" figuratively, as the literal act of keeping one’s shirt on is unrelated to the intended meaning.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and refers to staying alert and thinking clearly in challenging situations, symbolizing mental agility.

Meaning:
To remain alert and composed, especially in stressful circumstances.

Usage:

1. You need to keep your wits about you when crossing busy streets.
2. During the interview, she kept her wits about her despite the tough questions.
3. Keep your wits about you when dealing with unfamiliar people.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stay sharp", "Be on your toes", "Have your head screwed on straight".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to remain calm and alert, especially in challenging or dangerous situations. It does not literally involve physical wits, but rather an ability to think clearly under pressure.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century and symbolizes the act of keeping someone uninformed or ignorant about something.

Meaning:
To keep someone uninformed or ignorant about something.

Usage:

1. She felt she was kept in the dark about the changes.
2. He was kept in the dark until the last moment.
3. They kept their plans in the dark to avoid leaks.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Uninformed," "Ignorant," "Not told."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be kept unaware or uninformed about something. The idiom "in the dark" is figurative, as it doesn't literally mean being in darkness, but rather being excluded from knowledge or understanding. The non-literal meaning of ignorance makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of doing something very well or forcefully. The idiom likely originated from the notion of physically kicking someone in the buttocks to motivate or energize them.

Meaning:
To do something very well or forcefully.

Usage:

1. She kicked ass in her presentation.
2. He told his team to kick butt in the upcoming match.
3. They knew they had to kick ass to win the competition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Excel," "Dominate," "Do exceptionally well."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to do something with great skill or energy, or it can describe something that is excellent or impressive. The idiom doesn't refer to literally kicking someone's rear, but uses it figuratively to express power, excellence, or strength. The figurative use of "kick" and "ass" to convey success or power classifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the mid-20th century and metaphorically compares an event or criticism to a literal kick, symbolizing a needed motivator or wake-up call.

Meaning:
A jolt or motivating force that prompts action.

Usage:

1. Losing the competition was a real kick in the pants for the team to train harder.
2. His teacher’s feedback gave him the kick in the pants he needed to study harder.
3. The warning served as a kick in the pants for improving the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Wake-up call", "Reality check", "Shot in the arm".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means a motivational boost or a wake-up call. It does not relate to physically kicking someone but uses the metaphor to symbolize a call to action.

Origin:
First recorded in the 18th century, this idiom likely comes from the method of execution or death where kicking a support (bucket) leads to death.

Meaning:
To die.

Usage:

1. The old man kicked the bucket peacefully in his sleep.
2. They were devastated when their pet dog kicked the bucket.
3. The film begins with the protagonist’s father kicking the bucket.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Pass away", "Bite the dust", "Meet one’s maker".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to die. The idiom does not relate literally to a bucket or the act of kicking but uses a metaphorical expression to convey the concept of death.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of delaying or avoiding a decision by figuratively kicking a can forward.

Meaning:
To delay addressing a problem or making a decision.

Usage:

1. The committee decided to kick the can down the road on the budget cuts.
2. Instead of solving the issue, they just kicked the can down the road again.
3. Stop kicking the can down the road; this problem needs immediate attention.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Put off", "Procrastinate", "Delay action".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to postpone dealing with a problem. The literal action of kicking a can has little to do with its actual meaning, making it a figurative expression.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century, associated with stirring up literal dust through energetic or disruptive activities.

Meaning:
To cause trouble or stir up commotion.

Usage:

1. The protesters kicked the dust up outside the government building.
2. Don’t kick the dust up by bringing up controversial topics at dinner.
3. His harsh comments really kicked the dust up among the team.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Stir the pot", "Make waves", "Cause a ruckus".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to cause a commotion or stir. The idiom metaphorically uses the imagery of dust to symbolize disruption or chaos.

Origin:
This idiom became popular in the 20th century in addiction recovery contexts, symbolizing overcoming a habitual behavior or vice.

Meaning:
To stop or break a bad habit.

Usage:

1. He’s been trying to kick the habit of smoking for years.
2. It’s tough, but I’m determined to kick the habit of late-night snacking.
3. She finally kicked the habit of procrastinating on her work.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Break free", "Cut it out", "Drop the bad habit".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to breaking a bad habit, such as smoking or drinking. It does not literally involve kicking but uses the metaphor to represent a process of overcoming something harmful.

Origin:
This idiom, first recorded in the 19th century, refers to the act of creating a loud disturbance or complaint, symbolizing exaggerated displeasure.

Meaning:
To complain or protest noisily.

Usage:

1. The customers kicked up a fuss over the long wait times.
2. Don’t kick up a fuss; we’ll resolve the issue soon.
3. She kicked up a fuss when her order wasn’t delivered on time.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Raise a ruckus", "Make a scene", "Cause an uproar".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to complain or protest loudly. The literal words "kick up" do not convey the actual intent, which is figurative in nature.

Origin:
This idiom comes from 19th-century imagery of carefree dancing, symbolizing enjoyment and celebration.

Meaning:
To enjoy oneself or celebrate.

Usage:

1. After a long week, we decided to kick up our heels at the party.
2. She kicked up her heels on her vacation to Hawaii.
3. Let’s kick up our heels and celebrate the promotion.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Let loose", "Have a blast", "Live it up"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to relax or enjoy oneself, often after hard work. It does not literally involve raising one’s heels but implies a sense of celebration.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of feeling regret or annoyance with oneself. The idiom likely originated from the physical action of kicking oneself, which is impossible and symbolizes frustration.

Meaning:
To feel regret or annoyance with oneself.

Usage:

1. He kicked himself for missing the opportunity.
2. She knew she would kick herself if she didn't try.
3. They all kicked themselves for the mistake.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Regret," "Feel annoyed with oneself," "Beat oneself up."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to feel regret or annoyance about something you have done. The connection to the literal act of physically kicking oneself is not relevant to the meaning, which is about self-blame or frustration. This figurative meaning makes it an idiom.

Origin:
Emerging in the late 20th century, this idiom references someone or something being discarded as worthless, symbolizing rejection or abandonment.

Meaning:
To be rejected or dismissed unceremoniously.

Usage:

1. After years of loyalty, he was kicked to the curb when the company downsized.
2. She kicked her cheating boyfriend to the curb.
3. The outdated software was finally kicked to the curb for a newer system.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Thrown out", "Cast aside", "Left in the dust".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be rejected or dismissed. The literal meaning of kicking someone to a curb is not implied, but instead, it represents abandonment.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century and symbolizes the act of using excessive force or resources to solve a minor problem. The idiom likely comes from the exaggerated imagery of using a large weapon for a small task.

Meaning:
To use excessive force or resources to solve a minor problem.

Usage:

1. He killed a fly with an elephant gun by hiring too many consultants.
2. She felt they were killing a fly with an elephant gun by overreacting.
3. They advised against killing a fly with an elephant gun for such a small issue.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overkill," "Excessive response," "Overreaction."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means using excessive force or resources for a trivial problem. The literal meaning of using a large gun to kill a small fly is obviously an exaggerated and absurd action, and the figurative meaning conveys this disproportionate use of effort. The idiomatic meaning cannot be derived directly from the words themselves.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 17th century and originates from Aesop's fable about a goose that laid golden eggs. It symbolizes the act of destroying a valuable source of income or benefit through short-sighted actions.

Meaning:
To destroy a valuable source of income or benefit through short-sighted actions.

Usage:

1. They warned him not to kill the goose that laid the golden egg by exploiting resources.
2. She didn't want to kill the goose that laid the golden egg by raising prices too high.
3. He realized he had killed the goose that laid the golden egg with his decision.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Destroy a good thing," "Ruin a source of wealth," "Short-sighted action."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to destroy a source of wealth, opportunity, or benefit, often through greed or short-sightedness. The literal act of killing a goose is not relevant to the figurative meaning of ruining a valuable opportunity, so the phrase is an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century, symbolizing efficiency by accomplishing two goals with one effort.

Meaning:
To achieve two objectives with a single action.

Usage:

1. By walking to work, I can kill two birds with one stone—exercise and save on transportation.
2. Taking the online course killed two birds with one stone: learning a skill and networking.
3. She killed two birds with one stone by organizing a work dinner at her favorite restaurant.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hit two targets", "Double whammy", "Multitask".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to accomplish two tasks with a single action. The idiom is entirely figurative and does not involve actual birds or stones.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to Shakespearean times (late 16th century) and describes overcoming negativity or hostility with excessive niceness.

Meaning:
To overwhelm someone with kindness, often to achieve a goal.

Usage:

1. She killed her rude neighbor with kindness by baking him cookies.
2. The customer service agent killed the irate customer with kindness and resolved the issue calmly.
3. Kill them with kindness when dealing with difficult coworkers.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Win them over", "Charm them", "Disarm with politeness".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be overly kind or considerate to the point of discomfort or harm. The expression is not literal but metaphorical.

Origin:
Derived from medieval armor, where a kink or flaw represented a vulnerability, this idiom emerged in the early 20th century.

Meaning:
A weakness or vulnerability in someone’s otherwise strong position.

Usage:

1. His tendency to procrastinate is the only kink in his armor.
2. The debate exposed a kink in the politician’s armor.
3. The company’s poor customer service is a kink in its otherwise stellar reputation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Achilles’ heel", "Chink in the armor", "Soft spot"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means a weakness or flaw in someone’s otherwise strong position. The imagery of armor is used metaphorically to symbolize strength and vulnerability.

Origin:
First used in the 20th century, this idiom reflects reconciliation, often after romantic or interpersonal disputes.

Meaning:
To forgive and reconcile after a disagreement.

Usage:

1. They fought for hours but eventually kissed and made up.
2. Let’s kiss and make up—it’s not worth staying angry.
3. Friends often kiss and make up after petty arguments.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Bury the hatchet", "Let bygones be bygones", "Patch things up".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to reconcile after a disagreement. The idiom does not involve a literal kiss but uses figurative language to describe repairing a relationship.

Origin:
Originating in the mid-20th century, this idiom describes disclosing private or intimate details, especially about relationships.

Meaning:
To share private or intimate information publicly.

Usage:

1. The celebrity accused her ex of kissing and telling to the media.
2. He promised not to kiss and tell about their date.
3. Gossip columns thrive on people who kiss and tell.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Spill the beans", "Air dirty laundry", "Let the cat out of the bag".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to revealing private or confidential information, often inappropriately. It does not literally involve kissing but metaphorically represents sharing secrets.

Origin:
This idiom emerged in the 19th century, symbolizing a farewell gesture or finality.

Meaning:
A symbolic goodbye or closure to something.

Usage:

1. The closing bell on the stock market was a kiss goodnight to the volatile trading day.
2. His resignation was a kiss goodnight to the ongoing conflict in the team.
3. The low attendance was the kiss goodnight for the unpopular event.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Last hurrah", "Farewell", "Close the chapter".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to providing closure to something, such as ending a task or situation, often in a final or gentle way. It does not always imply a literal kiss but uses it metaphorically to symbolize a farewell or conclusion.

Origin:
This idiom comes from Biblical references to Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Jesus with a kiss, symbolizing an action that brings doom.

Meaning:
Something that guarantees failure or disaster.

Usage:

1. His careless comment was the kiss of death for his political career.
2. Not adapting to changing trends can be the kiss of death for a business.
3. The poor reviews were the kiss of death for the play’s success.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Death knell", "Seal one’s fate", "Final nail in the coffin".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means an action or event that ultimately leads to failure or ruin. It does not involve a literal kiss but uses figurative language to denote a fatal or damaging outcome.

Origin:
This idiom originated in 19th-century rural America, referencing the small size of a grasshopper, symbolizing childhood or something small in stature.

Meaning:
Very young or small.

Usage:

1. I’ve known him since he was knee-high to a grasshopper.
2. She’s been visiting this park since she was knee-high to a grasshopper.
3. The old man reminisced about his days when he was knee-high to a grasshopper.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Wet behind the ears", "Greenhorn", "In short pants".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means being very young or small. The expression is entirely metaphorical and uses the imagery of a tiny grasshopper to convey smallness or youth.

Origin:
The term originates from the physical reflex action of the knee when struck, first noted in 19th-century medical terminology, later used metaphorically for quick, automatic responses.

Meaning:
A quick and automatic reaction, often without thinking.

Usage:

1. His knee-jerk reaction to criticism is to get defensive.
2. The board's decision seemed like a knee-jerk reaction to public pressure.
3. Don’t give a knee-jerk reaction; think it through first.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Snap decision", "Act on impulse", "Jump the gun".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a quick, automatic, or emotional response to something without thought. While it draws from the literal concept of a physical reflex, it is used metaphorically to describe impulsive actions.

Origin:
This idiom comes from medieval chivalry, where knights in armor were seen as rescuers and protectors. It became symbolic of someone who saves the day in the 18th century.

Meaning:
A savior or someone who comes to the rescue in a challenging situation.

Usage:

1. He was her knight in shining armor, helping her out of financial trouble.
2. The firefighter was a knight in shining armor for the trapped family.
3. She always sees him as her knight in shining armor.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Savior", "White knight", "Guardian angel".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to someone who comes to the rescue, often in a romantic or heroic sense. The imagery of a knight is symbolic and not to be taken literally.

Origin:
This idiom originating in 20th-century American slang, became a way to wish someone good luck by metaphorically encouraging them to leave a strong impression.

Meaning:
To impress or dazzle someone greatly.

Usage:

1. Good luck on stage—go knock 'em dead!
2. She looked so stunning in her dress; she was sure to knock 'em dead.
3. His speech was so powerful that it knocked 'em dead.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Blow them away", "Steal the show", "Make a splash".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to perform exceptionally well or impress someone greatly. The idiom is figurative and does not involve any literal "knocking" or harm.

Origin:
This superstition dates back to ancient times when people believed that knocking on wood would ward off bad luck or evil spirits.

Meaning:
To prevent bad luck after speaking of good fortune.

Usage:

1. I’ve never been in an accident, knock on wood.
2. Knock on wood, but the project is going smoothly so far.
3. He’s been healthy all year—knock on wood.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Touch wood", "Fingers crossed", "Hope for the best".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to ward off bad luck. The idiom has no literal connection to wood or the act of knocking but stems from superstitious beliefs.

Origin:
This idiom stems from boxing in the early 20th century, where a knockout ends the match. It later expanded metaphorically.

Meaning:
To defeat, impress greatly, or render unconscious.

Usage:

1. His presentation knocked out the competition.
2. The stunning view knocked me out.
3. The medicine knocked me out for hours.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Blow away", "Leave speechless", "Take out".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to defeat, impress, or render someone unconscious. While it can have a literal sense, its metaphorical usage dominates in everyday language, such as "to amaze" or "to exhaust."

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century and symbolizes the act of making someone understand or realize something through forceful or direct means.

Meaning:
To make someone understand or realize something through forceful or direct means.

Usage:

1. She tried to knock some sense into him about his decisions.
2. He needed someone to knock sense into him regarding his behavior.
3. They hoped to knock sense into their friend about the risks.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Talk some sense into," "Make understand," "Set straight."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to make someone understand something, often through forceful or dramatic means. While the literal meaning of "knocking" sense into someone implies a physical act, the figurative meaning is about causing someone to realize something. The non-literal meaning classifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century and symbolizes the act of being extremely surprised or shocked. The idiom likely originated from the idea that a light feather could knock someone down due to their surprise.

Meaning:
To be extremely surprised or shocked.

Usage:

1. He was so shocked, you could have knocked him down with a feather.
2. She was surprised, and it felt like you could knock her down with a feather.
3. They were so amazed, you could have knocked them down with a feather.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Amazed," "Stunned," "Flabbergasted."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to surprise or astonish someone greatly, usually with a light or unexpected action. The literal interpretation of knocking someone down with a feather is impossible and absurd, and the figurative meaning is about being shocked or amazed. This makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom became popular in early 20th-century America, symbolizing amazement so strong it could metaphorically "knock off" someone’s socks.

Meaning:
To amaze or impress someone greatly.

Usage:

1. The special effects in that movie will knock your socks off.
2. Her performance knocked everyone’s socks off.
3. This recipe is so good, it’ll knock your socks off.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Blow your mind", "Awe-inspiring", "Impress deeply".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to amaze or impress someone greatly. The idiom does not involve physically removing socks but uses the imagery metaphorically to signify astonishment.

Origin:
Likely from shipbuilding in the 17th century, where the bottom of a boat was crucial for its integrity, symbolizing collapse or failure.

Meaning:
To cause a sudden failure or disruption.

Usage:

1. The new policy knocked the bottom out of the old system.
2. Rising costs have knocked the bottom out of the housing market.
3. Her resignation knocked the bottom out of the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Pull the rug out", "Break apart", "Cause a collapse".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to causing a collapse or ruin of something, such as a plan or market. It is not about literally knocking anything out but uses figurative language to denote failure.

Origin:
 This American idiom from the 19th century likely compares cleaning to removing spots, metaphorically implying superiority.

Meaning:
To outperform or surpass significantly.

Usage:

1. Our team knocked the spots off the competition.
2. That new phone knocks the spots off its rivals.
3. Her cooking knocks the spots off any restaurant.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Blow out of the water", "Outshine", "Leave in the dust".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to outdo or surpass someone or something. The expression has no literal connection to "spots" but symbolizes excellence or superiority.

Origin:
Derived from sailing, where losing wind in sails slows progress; used metaphorically since the 19th century.

Meaning:
To deflate someone's confidence or enthusiasm.

Usage:

1. His harsh criticism knocked the wind out of my sails.
2. Losing the contract really knocked the wind out of our sails.
3. The unexpected delay knocked the wind out of their sails.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Burst someone's bubble", "Deflate", "Rain on someone's parade".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to deflate someone’s confidence or momentum. It uses the imagery of sailing metaphorically, without any actual sails or wind involved.

Origin:
Emerging in 19th-century American slang, this idiom uses "block" as a metaphor for the head.

Meaning:
To hit someone very hard, often humorously or as a threat.

Usage:

1. If you insult her again, she’ll knock your block off.
2. That punch was so strong it could knock someone’s block off.
3. He threatened to knock my block off if I didn’t leave.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Beat to a pulp", "Knock out", "Teach a lesson"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to hit someone hard or defeat them in an argument. The term "block" is metaphorical, symbolizing the head or ego.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the Middle Ages, when "heart" was seen as the seat of memory and emotions.

Meaning:
To memorize something perfectly

Usage:

1. She knows the poem by heart.
2. He learned all the equations by heart before the exam.
3. I know my favorite song by heart.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Memorize", "Commit to memory", "Learn word for word".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to have something memorized perfectly. The "heart" here symbolizes emotional depth or complete familiarity, not a literal organ.

Origin:
This idiom popularized in the 20th century, symbolizes confusion or disorientation due to busyness.

Meaning:
To feel overwhelmed or confused.

Usage:

1. With so many deadlines, I don’t know if I’m coming or going.
2. He’s been so busy that he doesn’t know if he’s coming or going.
3. After the meeting, I didn’t know if I was coming or going.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Out of sorts", "All over the place", "In a tizzy".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means being confused or disoriented. The idiom uses directional language metaphorically to express uncertainty.

Origin:
This idiom comes from military training, where soldiers practiced drills repeatedly, popularized in the 19th century.

Meaning:
To understand what needs to be done, usually from experience.

Usage:

1. You’ve done this a hundred times—you know the drill.
2. I don’t need to explain; you know the drill.
3. They knew the drill when the fire alarm went off.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Understand the routine", "Follow protocol", "Go through the motions".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be familiar with a routine or process. The idiom uses "drill" metaphorically to describe a practiced action or sequence.

Origin:
Dating back to the 19th century, this idiom refers to thoroughly understanding the details of something, like navigating through physical ins and outs.

Meaning:
To have detailed knowledge of a subject or process.

Usage:

1. She knows the ins and outs of the company’s operations.
2. Before starting the project, you should learn the ins and outs.
3. He knows the ins and outs of car maintenance.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be well-versed", "Know all the angles", "Master the details".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to understand the details of something thoroughly. The expression uses "ins and outs" metaphorically to depict depth of knowledge.

Origin:
 This nautical term from the 17th century referred to sailors learning how to handle the ropes on a ship. It later came to mean being familiar with the basics of any task.

Meaning:
To be familiar with the procedures or details of a task or situation.

Usage:

1. She’s been working here for years; she knows the ropes.
2. It’ll take some time to know the ropes in this new role.
3. Once you know the ropes, the job becomes easier.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be in the know", "Get the hang of it", "Have it down pat".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to understand how something works. Its origin lies in sailing, where ropes are essential for navigation, but it is now symbolic of skill or expertise.

Origin:
This idiom likely originated in the 1800s, referring to understanding the actual situation in competitive games or events.

Meaning:
To understand the reality or facts of a situation.

Usage:

1. After the meeting, we all knew the score regarding the layoffs.
2. Don’t worry about explaining; he knows the score.
3. She’s been around long enough to know the score in office politics.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Be clued in", "Know what’s going on", "Be up to speed".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be aware of the facts or reality of a situation. The term "score" is metaphorical, indicating an understanding of circumstances.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 16th century and symbolizes the act of understanding where one's advantage or benefit lies. The idiom likely comes from the idea of knowing which side of the bread has butter, making it more appealing.

Meaning:
To understand where one's advantage or benefit lies.

Usage:

1. He knows which side his bread is buttered and keeps his boss happy.
2. She always knows which side her bread is buttered and makes strategic decisions.
3. They understood which side their bread is buttered and focused on key clients.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Know your advantage," "Understand your benefit," "Recognize your interest."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to understand where your interests or advantages lie, often for self-preservation. While the idiom uses the metaphor of bread and butter, the figurative meaning of being aware of one's advantages or loyalties is not derived directly from the literal words. This makes it an idiom.

Origin:
Dating back to the 19th century, this term refers to someone who believes they know everything, often used disparagingly.

Meaning:
A person who acts as if they have superior knowledge about everything.

Usage:

1. His know-it-all attitude alienates his coworkers.
2. Stop being a know-it-all and listen to others for a change.
3. She comes off as a know-it-all during meetings.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Smarty-pants", "Walking encyclopedia", "Wise guy".

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes someone who is overly confident in their knowledge, often in an irritating way. It is not a literal statement but uses "all" to exaggerate self-perception.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century and originates from the Chinese custom of kowtowing, where one kneels and touches the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission. It symbolizes showing excessive deference or submission.

Meaning:
To show excessive deference or submission to someone.

Usage:

1. He refused to kowtow to the demands of the powerful officials.
2. She was criticized for kowtowing to her boss.
3. They didn't want to kowtow to unreasonable expectations.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Bow down," "Submit," "Show deference."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to act in a subservient or overly deferential manner to someone, usually to gain favor or approval. The literal meaning of "kowtow" refers to a physical act of kneeling and bowing in respect, but the figurative meaning goes beyond the literal action to imply submission or excessive deference, classifying it as an idiom.