Origin:
British idiom from the late 19th century, meaning a very distant or remote place.

Meaning:
A very remote or inaccessible place.

Usage:

1. They live in a cottage in the back of beyond.
2. The campsite is in the back of beyond.
3. We had to travel to the back of beyond for the festival.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Middle of nowhere," "Godforsaken place," "Out in the sticks"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes a very remote or isolated place. The "back" and "beyond" metaphorically represent extreme remoteness, and the meaning cannot be deduced literally.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing recovery or regaining one's health and strength after a setback.

Meaning:
To recover from an illness or a difficult situation.

Usage:

1. After months of physical therapy, he's finally back on his feet.
2. The company is back on its feet after the financial crisis.
3. She needed some time to get back on her feet after the surgery.

Similar Phrases:
"Recovering," "On the mend," "Bouncing back."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to recovering from a difficult or challenging situation, such as an illness, financial hardship, or personal setback. The idiom "back on your feet" uses the concept of standing upright after being knocked down as a metaphor for returning to a stable or healthy state, which cannot be deduced from the literal meaning of "feet" alone.

Origin:
This idiom comes from horse racing, where betting on the wrong horse means choosing the one that loses.

Meaning:
To support or choose the losing side.

Usage:

1. They backed the wrong horse in the election.
2. He realized he had backed the wrong horse when the stock prices plummeted.
3. Don’t back the wrong horse by investing in that risky venture.

Similar Idioms:
"Misjudge", "Make a poor choice", "Pick the wrong side"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to support or invest in something that fails. The idiom uses "horse" metaphorically, drawing from horse racing, where backing refers to betting, and the meaning is non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom is thought to come from board games like Snakes and Ladders, where players can be sent back to the beginning.

Meaning:
Meaning: To start over again.

Usage:

1. After the failed experiment, they were back to square one.
2. The negotiations fell through, so it's back to square one.
3. He lost all his progress and had to go back to square one.

Similar Idioms:
"Start from scratch", "Begin anew", "Restart", "Back to the drawing board"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to start over from the beginning after a failed attempt. The idiom uses "square one" metaphorically to symbolize the starting point, and its meaning goes beyond the literal.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the idea of returning to the initial planning stage, often using a drawing board for designs.

Meaning:
To start planning something again because the first plan failed.

Usage:

1. The prototype didn’t work, so it's back to the drawing board.
2. After the proposal was rejected, they had to go back to the drawing board.
3. Sometimes failure means you have to go back to the drawing board and rethink your approach.

Similar Idioms:
"Start over", "Reset", "Begin again", "Back to square one"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to return to planning after a failed attempt. The "drawing board" metaphorically represents a place of creating or designing, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom refers to the historically harsh conditions of working in salt mines.

Meaning:
To return to work, especially a difficult or unpleasant job.

Usage:

1. After the weekend, it's back to the salt mines on Monday.
2. They had to go back to the salt mines after their vacation.
3. It's back to the salt mines with this challenging project.

Similar Idioms:
"Back to work", "Return to the grind", "Resume duties"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means returning to hard work or an unpleasant job. The "salt mines" metaphorically represent difficult or grueling labor, and the meaning cannot be understood literally.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the late 19th century, symbolizing a compliment that also contains an insult or criticism.

Meaning:
A compliment that is also a veiled insult or criticism.

Usage:

1. She gave him a backhanded compliment by saying he was surprisingly good at his job.
2. Receiving a backhanded compliment, he smiled politely while feeling insulted.
3. Her comment about my cooking was a backhanded compliment, saying it was good for a beginner.

Similar Idioms:
"Left-handed compliment," "Double-edged compliment," "Faint praise."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a statement that is meant to sound like praise but actually contains criticism or insult. The word "backhanded" does not refer to a literal hand movement but metaphorically implies something indirect or underhanded, which cannot be deduced from the literal words alone.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, referring to the people who work behind the scenes on complex tasks.

Meaning:
People who work behind the scenes, often on technical or complex tasks.

Usage:

1. The back-room boys are the real heroes behind the company's success.
2. While the politicians get the spotlight, it's the back-room boys who draft the legislation.
3. The back-room boys worked tirelessly to ensure the event ran smoothly.

Similar Idioms:
"Behind-the-scenes workers," "Unsung heroes," "Support team."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to individuals who work behind the scenes, often in technical or support roles, without public recognition. The "back room" here symbolizes hidden or unseen efforts, and the phrase cannot be deduced by interpreting the literal words alone.

Origin:
This idiom comes from people sitting in the back seat of a car and giving directions to the driver.

Meaning:
A person who offers unsolicited and often unwanted advice or criticism.

Usage:

1. I can’t stand backseat drivers who always tell me how to drive.
2. He’s such a backseat driver, always giving advice without being asked.
3. She was a backseat driver during the entire project.

Similar Idioms:
"Know-it-all", "Bossy", "Overbearing"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes someone who gives unsolicited advice or instructions, especially in situations where they have no control. The "backseat" metaphorically implies a lack of authority, and the meaning is non-literal.

Origin:
From the proverb "one bad apple spoils the bunch," first recorded in the 18th century, symbolizing a single troublemaker affecting the group.

Meaning:
A person who negatively influences others.

Usage:

1. One bad apple can ruin team morale.
2. She was considered the bad apple in the group.
3. They removed the bad apple to improve the class environment.

Similar Idioms:
"Troublemaker," "Black sheep," "Negative influence"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a person who has a negative influence on a group. The "apple" metaphorically symbolizes a member of a group, and the idiom's meaning extends beyond its literal words.

Origin:
From the 19th century, symbolizing animosity or resentment between individuals or groups.

Meaning:
Ill feeling or animosity.

Usage:

1. There’s bad blood between the two families.
2. The bad blood in the office led to frequent conflicts.
3. Their rivalry has a lot of bad blood.

Similar Idioms:
"Animosity," "Hatred," "Enmity"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means resentment or hostility between people. The "blood" metaphorically represents relationships, and the meaning cannot be directly deduced from the words alone.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the late 20th century, symbolizing a day when nothing seems to go right, often starting with one's hair not cooperating.

Meaning:
A day when everything seems to go wrong.

Usage:

1. She was having a bad hair day; first she missed the bus, and then she spilled coffee on herself.
2. It's just a bad hair day, don't let it get to you.
3. He knew it was going to be a bad hair day when his car wouldn't start.

Similar Idioms:
"Off day," "Everything is going wrong," "Murphy's law day."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes a day when everything seems to go wrong or one feels particularly unlucky or unattractive. While "bad hair" refers to literal disheveled hair, the idiom expands this meaning to encompass an overall sense of dissatisfaction or frustration with the day.

Origin:
From the mid-20th century, symbolizing a feeling of lingering disappointment or disgust.

Meaning:
A feeling of disappointment or unpleasantness.

Usage:

1. The unfair decision left a bad taste in his mouth.
2. Her rude comment gave me a bad taste in my mouth.
3. The bad experience left a bad taste in their mouths.

Similar Idioms:
"Unpleasant memory," "Disappointment," "Resentment"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes a lingering feeling of discomfort or disappointment. The "taste" metaphorically represents an emotional reaction, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century and comes from the persistent nature of badgers, symbolizing persistent nagging.

Meaning:
To repeatedly ask someone to do something until they do it.

Usage:

1. She badgered him into going to the party with her.
2. After being badgered by his friends, he finally agreed to join the team.
3. They badgered her into giving a speech at the event.

Similar Idioms:
"Nag someone," "Pester someone," "Hound someone."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to pester or nag someone relentlessly until they comply. The word "badger" is metaphorical and draws on the persistent behavior of the animal, which cannot be deduced from the literal meaning of "badger" alone.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing someone who is extremely thin or emaciated.

Meaning:
A very thin or emaciated person.

Usage:

1. After his illness, he was just a bag of bones.
2. The stray dog was a poor bag of bones when they found it.
3. She was so stressed that she became a bag of bones.

Similar Idioms:
"Skin and bones," "Emaciated," "Wasting away."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes someone who is extremely thin or emaciated. The idiom uses "bag of bones" metaphorically to emphasize frailty or lack of flesh, and this meaning cannot be understood by taking the words literally.

Origin:
From the 18th century, referring to a collection of special techniques or resources.

Meaning:
A set of skills or resources used to achieve something.

Usage:

1. She used her bag of tricks to solve the problem.
2. The magician always has a new bag of tricks.
3. He relied on his bag of tricks to impress the audience.

Similar Idioms:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a collection of methods or skills one uses to solve problems or achieve goals. The "bag" metaphorically symbolizes a repertoire, and the meaning extends beyond the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the mid-20th century and is often associated with deceptive marketing practices where customers are lured by an attractive offer, only to be presented with a less desirable alternative.

Meaning:
A deceptive practice where one thing is advertised but another is substituted.

Usage:

1. The car dealership used a bait and switch tactic, advertising a cheap car but offering a more expensive one.
2. The promotion turned out to be a bait and switch when the promised product was unavailable.
3. Customers were angry about the bait and switch, feeling deceived by the false advertising.

Similar Phrases:
"False advertising," "Switcheroo," "Deceptive practice."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a deceptive marketing or business tactic where an attractive offer is presented but substituted with something less desirable. The idiom "bait" and "switch" metaphorically convey enticement and trickery, and this figurative meaning goes beyond the literal interpretation of the words.

Origin:
From the 19th-century practice of chaining prisoners, symbolizing a heavy burden.

Meaning:
A burdensome responsibility.

Usage:

1. He considers his mortgage a ball and chain.
2. The project deadline feels like a ball and chain.
3. She joked that marriage is a ball and chain.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Burden," "Shackle," "Weight"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes something or someone that acts as a burden or restraint. The "ball and chain" metaphorically evoke an image of imprisonment, and the meaning cannot be understood literally.

Origin:
This idiom comes from tennis, where the ball being in your court means it’s your turn to play.

Meaning:
It is up to you to make the next decision or take the next step.

Usage:

1. I’ve done my part, now the ball is in your court.
2. The decision has been made, and the ball is in your court.
3. After presenting the proposal, the ball is in their court.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Up to you", "Your move", "In your hands"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that the responsibility or decision now lies with someone. The idiom originates from tennis, where "the ball being in your court" means it's your turn to act, and its meaning cannot be understood literally.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 17th century, where "bane" means a cause of great distress or annoyance.

Meaning:
A source of persistent irritation or annoyance.

Usage:

1. Mosquitoes are the bane of my life during the summer.
2. That noisy neighbor has been the bane of her life since she moved in.
3. Paperwork is the bane of his life at the office.

Similar Idioms:
"Constant annoyance," "Nuisance," "Persistent irritant."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes something or someone as a persistent source of irritation or distress. The word "bane" does not literally mean death or poison here, as it originally implied; instead, it has taken on a metaphorical meaning as a burden or nuisance in one's life.

Origin:
From the mid-20th century, symbolizing frustration from futile efforts.

Meaning:
To try repeatedly to do something without success.

Usage:

1. Trying to change his mind is like banging your head against the wall.
2. She felt like she was banging her head against the wall with the new software.
3. They were banging their heads against the wall to meet the deadline.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Frustrated efforts," "In vain," "Beating a dead horse"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to waste effort on a futile or frustrating task. The imagery of "banging one’s head" suggests futility and frustration, and the meaning extends beyond the literal interpretation.

Origin:
From the mid-20th century, symbolizing a year of exceptional success.

Meaning:
A year marked by exceptional success or achievements.

Usage:

1. The company had a banner year with record profits.
2. It was a banner year for the film industry.
3. She had a banner year, winning several awards.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Exceptional year," "Outstanding success," "Remarkable year"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means an exceptionally successful or noteworthy year. The "banner" metaphorically represents something worth celebrating, and the meaning is non-literal.

Origin:
From military terminology in the 19th century, referring to a soldier’s first experience in combat.

Meaning:
A difficult introduction to a new activity or job.

Usage:

1. His first day at work was a baptism by fire.
2. The new teacher experienced a baptism by fire during her first class.
3. The team’s first project was a baptism by fire.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Trial by fire," "Thrown in at the deep end," "Initiation"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to being tested under difficult circumstances for the first time. The term has historical and symbolic roots, making its meaning impossible to deduce literally.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the early 20th century, symbolizing someone who frequently hangs out at bars.

Meaning:
A person who spends a lot of time drinking in bars.

Usage:

1. He's known as the local bar fly, always seen at the pub.
2. She became a bar fly after her divorce, seeking company at the bar.
3. The bartender knows every bar fly in the neighborhood.

Similar Idioms:
"Regular patron," "Pub crawler," "Frequent drinker."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to someone who spends an excessive amount of time in bars or pubs. The term "fly" is not literal and instead paints a metaphorical picture of a person who is constantly present in the environment of a bar, much like how flies might hover around a specific area.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 19th century, comparing a person's threatening behavior to a dog's bark being more intimidating than its bite.

Meaning:
Someone's words or threats are worse than their actions.

Usage:

1. Don't worry about the boss; his bark is worse than his bite.
2. She seems tough, but her bark is worse than her bite.
3. The teacher's bark is worse than her bite; she's actually quite kind.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"All talk and no action," "Full of hot air," "More bark than bite."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that someone’s threats or aggressive behavior are more intimidating than their actual actions. The idiom relies on the metaphor of a barking dog to symbolize verbal or outward aggression, while "bite" symbolizes real harm or action, creating a non-literal interpretation.

Origin:
This idiom comes from hunting dogs who may bark at the base of a tree while the prey is actually in another tree.

Meaning:
Pursuing a mistaken or misguided course of action.

Usage:

1. If you think I took your book, you're barking up the wrong tree.
2. She's barking up the wrong tree if she expects a promotion without putting in effort.
3. The detectives realized they were barking up the wrong tree with their initial suspect.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"On the wrong track", "Misguided", "Mistaken"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to pursue a misguided course of action or to make a wrong assumption. The idiom derives from hunting dogs barking at the wrong tree, and its meaning is non-literal.

Origin:
From World War I, initially referring to soldiers who had lost their limbs, now symbolizing someone or something in a very bad condition.

Meaning:
A person or thing in a very bad condition.

Usage:

1. After the stressful week, he felt like a basket case.
2. The company was a basket case before the new management took over.
3. Her nerves were a basket case before the presentation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Nervous wreck," "Disaster," "Mess"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes someone who is emotionally or mentally overwhelmed or incapable of functioning. The term originally referred to soldiers unable to function due to injuries, and its current meaning is metaphorical.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the late 16th century, with "bated" being a contraction of "abated," meaning reduced or lessened.

Meaning:
In great suspense; very anxiously or excitedly.

Usage:

1. They waited with bated breath for the announcement of the winner.
2. She listened with bated breath to hear the verdict.
3. The audience watched with bated breath as the magician performed his trick.

Similar Idioms:
"On tenterhooks," "Anxiously waiting," "In suspense."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to wait anxiously or eagerly for something to happen. The word "bated" is an archaic form of "abated," meaning held back or restrained, and it is not directly tied to literal breath. The phrase’s non-literal interpretation makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the nautical practice of securing a ship’s hatches during a storm.

Meaning:
To prepare for a difficult or dangerous situation.

Usage:

1. The company battened down the hatches in anticipation of the economic downturn.
2. They battened down the hatches as the storm approached.
3. We need to batten down the hatches and prepare for the tough times ahead.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Prepare for the worst", "Brace for impact", "Get ready for trouble"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to prepare for trouble or difficult times. The idiom comes from nautical terminology, where securing hatches protects the ship, and its meaning extends beyond the literal context.

Origin:
From the mid-20th century, symbolizing someone or something that is very amusing.

Meaning:
To be very funny or entertaining.

Usage:

1. The comedian is a barrel of laughs.
2. That party was a barrel of laughs.
3. He’s always a barrel of laughs when we go out.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hilarious," "Great fun," "Amusing"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be very amusing or entertaining. The "barrel of laughs" is a metaphorical exaggeration of joy or humor, and its meaning is not literal.

Origin:
From the early 20th century, meaning something that is highly unlikely to happen.

Meaning:
Something that will never happen.

Usage:

1. It will be a cold day in hell before he apologizes.
2. She said it would be a cold day in hell before she agrees to that.
3. It'll be a cold day in hell when they change their minds.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"When pigs fly," "Not in a million years," "Impossible"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means something is extremely unlikely to happen. The idiom uses "cold day in Hell" metaphorically, as Hell is traditionally associated with heat, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
From the mid-20th century, referring to two people being involved in a romantic relationship.

Meaning:
To be in a romantic relationship.

Usage:

1. They’ve been an item for over a year now.
2. The rumor is that they’re an item.
3. When did you two become an item?

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Couple," "Romantic partners," "Together"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means two people are in a romantic relationship. The use of "item" metaphorically represents unity or partnership, and the meaning is not deducible literally.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 19th century, symbolizing a situation where one has nothing particular to do.

Meaning:
To have nothing to do or to be idle.

Usage:

1. With the project finished, she found herself at a loose end.
2. If you're at a loose end this weekend, why not come over?
3. After retiring, he was often at a loose end, trying to fill his days.

Similar Idioms:
1. "Idle," "Unoccupied," "With time on one's hands."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to feel bored or without a specific purpose or task. The idiom does not literally refer to being physically tied to or freed from an "end." Instead, it uses "loose end" metaphorically to convey the idea of aimlessness or a lack of structure.

Origin:
From the early 20th century, symbolizing being free from commitments or responsibilities.

Meaning:
To be free from commitments or responsibilities.

Usage:

1. After graduation, she felt footloose and fancy-free.
2. He enjoyed being footloose and fancy-free during his travels.
3. They decided to take a trip while they’re still footloose and fancy-free.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Carefree," "Unattached," "Independent"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be free from commitments or responsibilities. The idiom uses "footloose" and "fancy-free" metaphorically to describe personal freedom, and the meaning is non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, referring to the relief one feels when someone or something unpleasant leaves.

Meaning:
To be happy that someone or something unpleasant is gone.

Usage:

1. Everyone was glad to see the back of the noisy neighbors when they moved out.
2. She'll be glad to see the back of her old car when she gets a new one.
3. He was glad to see the back of the stressful project.

Similar Idioms:
"Relieved to be rid of," "Happy to see leave," "Glad to be done with."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be relieved or happy when someone or something leaves or ends. The idiom does not literally mean looking at someone’s back. Instead, it uses the image of their departure as a symbolic representation of finality or relief.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century, symbolizing someone being significantly better than others, just as the head and shoulders are higher than the rest of the body.

Meaning:
To be significantly better than others.

Usage:

1. His performance was head and shoulders above the rest.
2. She is head and shoulders above her peers in terms of creativity.
3. This restaurant is head and shoulders above the others in town.

Similar Idioms:
"Superior to," "Far better than," "A cut above."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be significantly better than others in some way. While "head and shoulders" may imply physical height, it is used metaphorically here to emphasize superiority, not literal height.

Origin:
From the 14th century, originally meaning to be in a confused state, later evolving to mean being deeply in love.

Meaning:
To be very much in love.

Usage:

1. They are head over heels for each other.
2. She’s head over heels in love with him.
3. He fell head over heels the moment they met.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Madly in love," "Deeply infatuated," "Crazy about"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be deeply in love or infatuated. The idiom uses an exaggerated and metaphorical image of physical movement to express emotional intensity, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the late 19th century, symbolizing a state where someone is lost in their thoughts and not paying attention to their surroundings.

Meaning:
To be lost in one's thoughts or not aware of what is happening around one.

Usage:

1. During the meeting, he seemed to be in a world of his own.
2. She often gets lost in a world of her own while reading.
3. He was in a world of his own, oblivious to the conversation around him.

Similar Idioms:
"Daydreaming," "Lost in thought," "In your own bubble."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be deeply engrossed in one’s own thoughts or distracted from reality. The idiom does not literally mean living in a different world but instead symbolizes a state of detachment or daydreaming.

Origin:
British idiom from the 14th century, symbolizing two things that are very different from each other.

Meaning:
To be completely different.

Usage:

1. The twins are like chalk and cheese in personality.
2. Their opinions on the matter are like chalk and cheese.
3. They are as different as chalk and cheese.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Poles apart," "Worlds apart," "Day and night"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means two things or people are completely different. The "chalk" and "cheese" metaphorically represent incompatibility, and the meaning cannot be understood literally.

Origin:
From the early 20th century, symbolizing a display of affection and love.

Meaning:
To show affection in a very demonstrative way.

Usage:

1. The couple was all lovey-dovey at the party.
2. They’re always lovey-dovey, holding hands and whispering.
3. Their lovey-dovey behavior can be annoying to others.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Affectionate," "Smitten," "Romantic"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to display overt affection, often romantically. The term "lovey-dovey" uses playful, rhyming language metaphorically, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the mid-20th century, with "cloud nine" being an arbitrary reference to a high state of happiness or elation.

Meaning:
To be extremely happy or elated.

Usage:

1. She was on cloud nine after receiving the promotion.
2. They were on cloud nine when they heard the good news.
3. Winning the lottery put him on cloud nine.

Similar Idioms:
"Over the moon," "In seventh heaven," "Walking on air."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be extremely happy or elated. The idiom does not refer to any actual cloud or number nine, but instead uses a non-literal image to evoke the feeling of euphoria or joy.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 16th century, symbolizing an acknowledgment of a fact before presenting a counterargument or different perspective.

Meaning:
Accepting that something is true, but suggesting it is not the main point.

Usage:

1. Be that as it may, we still need to finish the report on time.
2. Be that as it may, her behavior was still unacceptable.
3. He may be new, but be that as it may, he must follow the rules.

Similar Idioms:
"Nevertheless," "Even so," "That may be true, but."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to acknowledge a fact or situation while implying that it does not affect the current point or argument. The idiom is not tied to the literal meaning of "be" or "may," and instead functions as a conventional expression.

Origin:
From the mid-20th century, originally a derogatory term for accountants or people who focus on minor details.

Meaning:
Accountants or people who focus on minor financial details.

Usage:

1. The bean counters are reviewing the budget.
2. She works with the bean counters to manage expenses.
3. The project was delayed by the bean counters’ meticulous checks.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Number crunchers," "Accountants," "Financial analysts"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to people, often accountants, who focus excessively on financial details. The "beans" metaphorically represent money or small details, and the meaning extends beyond the literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, where "brunt" means the main impact or force of something.

Meaning:
To suffer the worst part of something.

Usage:

1. The small town bore the brunt of the storm's destruction.
2. She bore the brunt of the criticism after the project failed.
3. The company bore the brunt of the economic downturn.

Similar Idioms:
"Take the full impact," "Face the worst," "Suffer the most."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to endure the worst part or main impact of something, such as criticism or damage. The word "brunt" does not have a literal modern usage, and the phrase as a whole relies on an abstract interpretation of suffering or impact.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 16th century, symbolizing the act of confronting someone in their own territory.

Meaning:
To confront someone in their own stronghold.

Usage:

1. He bearded the lion in his den by challenging the boss at the meeting.
2. She decided to beard the lion in his den and confront him in his office.
3. They bearded the lion in his den by protesting outside the politician's home.

Similar Idioms:
"Face the music," "Confront head-on," "Stand up to."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to confront someone in their own territory or challenge them in their domain of power. The imagery of "bearding a lion" is not literal but metaphorical, and the phrase conveys a daring or bold action in a figurative sense.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-19th century, symbolizing the futility of continuing to argue or fight for something that has already been resolved or is a lost cause.

Meaning:
To waste effort on something that has no chance of succeeding.

Usage:

1. Arguing about the decision now is just beating a dead horse; it's already been made.
2. He keeps bringing up that old issue, but it's like flogging a dead horse.
3. Trying to change his mind at this point is just beating a dead horse.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Barking up the wrong tree," "Spinning your wheels," "Futile effort."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to persist in arguing or pursuing a point or goal that is no longer relevant or achievable. The idiom does not involve literally beating or flogging a dead horse but instead uses this imagery to symbolize futile effort or wasted energy.

Origin:
This idiom uses "beat" in the sense of quick movement, combined with "retreat" to signify a fast withdrawal.

Meaning:
To leave quickly, especially to avoid danger or trouble.

Usage:

1. When they heard the sirens, they beat a hasty retreat.
2. The children beat a hasty retreat when they saw the principal coming.
3. The burglars beat a hasty retreat as soon as they heard the alarm.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Run away", "Flee", "Make a quick exit"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to leave quickly, often due to fear, discomfort, or urgency. The idiom implies an abrupt departure and cannot be understood literally without its figurative meaning.

Origin:
This idiom likely comes from hunting, where beaters would avoid hitting the bushes directly to drive out the game.

Meaning:
Avoiding the main topic; not speaking directly about the issue.

Usage:

1. Stop beating around the bush and get to the point.
2. He kept beating around the bush instead of addressing the issue directly.
3. If you have bad news, just tell me—don't beat around the bush.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hedge", "Prevaricate", "Sidestep"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to avoid addressing the main issue or topic. The imagery of "beating around the bush" derives from old hunting practices and conveys hesitation or avoidance, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
From the late 19th-century American Old West, referring to drawing a gun faster than an opponent.

Meaning:
To act faster than someone else.

Usage:

1. She beat him to the draw and submitted her proposal first.
2. He beat me to the draw with the announcement.
3. They beat us to the draw in launching the product.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Outpace," "Be quicker," "Outrun"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to act or respond faster than someone else. It originates from the imagery of gunfights but is now used to describe quickness or anticipation, which cannot be deduced literally.

Origin:
From early 20th-century boxing, meaning to strike an opponent first.

Meaning:
To do something before someone else.

Usage:

1. She beat him to the punch by applying for the job first.
2. I was going to suggest that idea, but he beat me to the punch.
3. They beat us to the punch and launched their product early.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Get there first," "Be ahead," "Preempt"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to outdo or preempt someone in action or decision. The metaphorical "punch" here refers to striking first or gaining an advantage, and the meaning extends beyond the literal interpretation.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing an intense effort to defeat or outsmart someone.

Meaning:
To defeat someone thoroughly or to work extremely hard at something.

Usage:

1. The team beat their brains out to win the championship.
2. He beat his brains out trying to solve the complex problem.
3. She beat his brains out in the chess match.

Similar Idioms:
"Give it all you've got," "Pull out all the stops," "Go all out."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to severely defeat someone or, in some cases, to work or push oneself to exhaustion. While it employs violent imagery, it is rarely intended literally and is instead a metaphorical expression of intensity or effort.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of completing something before a deadline or before time runs out.

Meaning:
To finish something before time runs out.

Usage:

1. They managed to beat the clock and submit the report just before the deadline.
2. She always tries to beat the clock by finishing her assignments early.
3. We need to beat the clock if we want to catch the last train.

Similar Idioms:
"Finish ahead of time," "Meet the deadline," "Race against time."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to complete a task before a deadline or time runs out. The idiom does not literally involve beating a clock but instead symbolizes achieving something within a limited timeframe.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the mid-19th century, symbolizing a severe beating or overwhelming someone with force.

Meaning:
To physically attack someone very violently.

Usage:

1. The bullies threatened to beat the living daylights out of him.
2. He warned them not to cross him, or he'd beat the living daylights out of them.
3. The mob beat the living daylights out of the thief.

Similar Idioms:
"Pound someone," "Knock someone out," "Thrash someone."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to physically assault someone or scare them severely. The "living daylights" does not refer to anything literal but is used as an abstract expression to emphasize the intensity of the action.

Origin:
From the 16th century, first recorded in a work by Thomas Overbury in 1613, emphasizing that physical appearance does not reflect inner qualities.

Meaning:
Physical beauty is superficial and not as important as a person's character.

Usage:

1. Remember, beauty is only skin deep; it’s your kindness that matters.
2. He learned that beauty is only skin deep after getting to know her true personality.
3. Her beauty is only skin deep; her actions revealed her true nature.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Appearances can be deceiving," "Looks aren’t everything," "Inner beauty counts"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that physical appearance is superficial and does not reflect a person's inner qualities. The idiom uses "skin deep" metaphorically to emphasize the limited depth of beauty, making it non-literal.

Origin:
From Christopher Marlowe's poem "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" (1599), symbolizing an easy and comfortable situation.

Meaning:
A comfortable and pleasant situation.

Usage:

1. Life is not a bed of roses; there are challenges to face.
2. She expected the job to be a bed of roses, but it was demanding.
3. His new position seemed like a bed of roses at first.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Easy street," "Piece of cake," "Walk in the park"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means a comfortable or luxurious situation, often contrasted with hardship. The "bed of roses" metaphor represents ease or pleasure, and its meaning cannot be understood literally.

Origin:
From the 16th century, symbolizing a persistent preoccupation or obsession.

Meaning:
To be preoccupied or obsessed with something.

Usage:

1. She has a bee in her bonnet about organizing the house.
2. He’s got a bee in his bonnet about the new policy.
3. Don’t mind her; she’s got a bee in her bonnet about recycling.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Fixation," "Obsession," "Preoccupation"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be preoccupied or obsessed with an idea. The imagery of a "bee in the bonnet" represents persistent agitation or fixation, and the meaning is non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the late 19th century, symbolizing the act of strengthening or enhancing something, originally referring to adding more substance.

Meaning:
To strengthen or improve something.

Usage:

1. They decided to beef up security for the event.
2. She beefed up her resume with more skills and experiences.
3. The company plans to beef up its marketing strategy.

Similar Idioms:
"Enhance," "Reinforce," "Bolster."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to strengthen or enhance something. The use of "beef" here is metaphorical and does not literally involve adding meat but instead symbolizes making something more substantial or robust.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing someone who looks battered or worn out, as though they've been through a battle.

Meaning:
To have experienced a lot of difficulties or rough treatment.

Usage:

1. He looked like he'd been in the wars after the grueling hike.
2. The car looks like it's been through the wars with all those dents and scratches.
3. She felt like she'd been in the wars after the stressful week.

Similar Idioms:
"Battle-worn," "Weathered," "Seen better days."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to have experienced hardship, physical injury, or difficulty. The idiom does not literally refer to participation in actual wars but uses the concept of "wars" metaphorically to describe a person’s struggles or challenges.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the late 20th century, symbolizing the experience of having already done something and not needing to do it again.

Meaning:
To have already experienced or done something.

Usage:

1. When they suggested skydiving, he said, "Been there, done that."
2. She's not interested in the job because she's been there, done that.
3. I've been there, done that, and I don't want to go through it again.

Similar Idioms:
"Old hat," "Seen it all," "Nothing new."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to have experienced something before and therefore find it uninteresting or unimpressive. The idiom does not literally refer to a specific location or action but instead symbolizes familiarity or disinterest due to past experience.

Origin:
From economic policies in the 16th century, referring to practices that benefit one country at the expense of others.

Meaning:
Policies or actions that benefit oneself while harming others.

Usage:

1. The new tariffs are a beggar-thy-neighbor policy.
2. is tactics in business are beggar-thy-neighbor.
3. Avoid beggar-thy-neighbor practices in international trade.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Self-serving," "Zero-sum game," "Dog-eat-dog"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes policies or actions that benefit one party at the expense of another. The idiom uses "beggar" metaphorically to highlight exploitation or selfishness, and its meaning is not literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 16th century, emphasizing that those who are in desperate situations can't afford to be picky.

Meaning:
People in need must accept what is given to them, even if it's not what they want.

Usage:

1. You have to take the offer as it is—beggars can't be choosers.
2. When it comes to free stuff, beggars can't be choosers.
3. They had to accept the second-hand furniture because beggars can't be choosers.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Take what you get", "Can't be picky", "Accept what is offered"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that people with limited options must accept what they are offered. The idiom uses "beggars" metaphorically to emphasize the lack of leverage, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing imprisonment where "bars" refer to the bars of a jail cell.

Meaning:
To be in prison.

Usage:

1. He spent five years behind bars for his crimes.
2. The criminal was finally caught and put behind bars.
3. She vowed never to go behind bars again after her release.

Similar Idioms:
"Incarcerated," "In jail," "Locked up."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be imprisoned. The idiom does not refer literally to bars but uses the imagery of jail bars to represent being confined in a prison.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the early 19th century, symbolizing someone or something that is outdated or not keeping up with current trends.

Meaning:
Out of date or old-fashioned.

Usage:

1. His teaching methods are behind the times.
2. The company is behind the times with its technology.
3. She realized her wardrobe was behind the times.

Similar Idioms:
"Outdated," "Old-fashioned," "Out of touch."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be outdated or not keeping up with modern trends or developments. The idiom does not literally refer to being physically "behind" time but instead uses this metaphor to describe someone’s lack of current knowledge or relevance.

Origin:
From Aesop's fable "The Mice in Council," symbolizing taking a bold or risky action for the common good.

Meaning:
To take on a difficult or risky task.

Usage:

1. Someone needs to bell the cat and address the issue.
2. The manager decided to bell the cat and implement the changes.
3. It takes courage to bell the cat in a tricky situation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Take the plunge," "Face the music," "Bold move"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take on a dangerous or difficult task. The idiom originates from a fable about mice debating who will place a bell on a cat, and its meaning is not directly tied to its literal interpretation.

Origin:
From the 20th century, referring to additional features added to a product to make it more attractive.

Meaning:
Extra features or enhancements.

Usage:

1. The new phone comes with all the bells and whistles.
2. Her car is loaded with bells and whistles.
3. The software includes a lot of bells and whistles.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Added features," "Extras," "Frills"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means extra features or accessories that are not essential but add appeal. The "bells and whistles" metaphor represents unnecessary but attractive additions, and the meaning extends beyond the literal.

Origin:
`This idiom comes from boxing, where hitting an opponent below the belt is against the rules. It has been used figuratively since the mid-19th century.

Meaning:
Unfair or cruel.

Usage:

1. His comment about her family was below the belt.
2. She felt the criticism was below the belt and unwarranted.
3. The advertisement attacking the opponent's personal life was below the belt.

Similar Idioms:
"Uncalled for," "Over the line," "Low blow."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to act unfairly or make a hurtful remark. The idiom originates from boxing, where hitting below the belt is against the rules, but in its figurative usage, it symbolizes unethical or improper behavior that is not physical or literal.

Origin:
From the early 20th century, referring to the act of drinking alcohol.

Meaning:
To drink alcohol.

Usage:

1. They decided to bend an elbow after work.
2. Let’s go bend an elbow at the new bar.
3. He’s always ready to bend an elbow with friends.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Have a drink," "Toast," "Knock back a few"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to drink alcohol. The idiom uses the act of bending one’s elbow metaphorically to represent raising a drink, and its meaning is not literal.

Origin:
This idiom suggests the physical act of bending backwards as a metaphor for extraordinary effort.

Meaning:
To make a great effort to help or please someone.

Usage:

1. She bent over backward to accommodate their needs.
2. He bent over backward to make the event a success.
3. The team bent over backward to meet the deadline.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Go the extra mile", "Do one's utmost", "Try hard"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to make an extraordinary effort to help or accommodate someone. The idiom uses the image of physically bending backward as a metaphor for extreme effort, making it non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century, symbolizing the act of altering the truth slightly.

Meaning:
To slightly change or stretch the truth.

Usage:

1. He bent the truth about his qualifications to get the job.
2. She tends to bend the truth to make her stories more interesting.
3. They bent the truth when reporting the incident to avoid trouble.

Similar Idioms:
"Stretch the truth," "Exaggerate," "White lie."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to alter the truth slightly, often to deceive or avoid hurting someone’s feelings. The idiom does not involve literally bending anything but uses the metaphor of distortion to describe manipulation of the truth.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the mid-20th century, symbolizing someone being upset or agitated.

Meaning:
To become very upset or angry.

Usage:

1. He got bent out of shape when they changed the meeting time.
2. Don't get bent out of shape over a minor mistake.
3. She was bent out of shape after hearing the news.

Similar Idioms:
"Upset," "Agitated," "Annoyed."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to become upset or angry. The idiom does not refer to a literal bending of someone or something but uses the metaphor to symbolize emotional agitation or frustration.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century, symbolizing something that is irrelevant to the main issue.

Meaning:
Irrelevant or not related to the topic.

Usage:

1. His comments were interesting but beside the point.
2. Discussing her past is beside the point in this situation.
3. What you think about the weather is beside the point right now.

Similar Idioms:
"Irrelevant," "Not the issue," "Off-topic."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means irrelevant or not connected to the main topic. It does not refer to a physical location but uses the idea of being “beside” as a metaphor for being off-topic or unrelated.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 15th century, symbolizing someone who is extremely emotional, often with grief or anger.

Meaning:
To be very upset or emotional.

Usage:

1. She was beside herself with worry when her son didn't come home.
2. He was beside himself with anger after the argument.
3. They were beside themselves with joy when they won the prize.

Similar Idioms:
"Overcome," "Distraught," "Out of sorts."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be overwhelmed with strong emotions, such as anger, grief, or excitement. The idiom does not literally imply being outside oneself but uses this imagery to describe a loss of self-control or emotional regulation.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century, encouraging someone to make a good impression by putting their best foot forward.

Meaning:
To make a great effort to make a good impression.

Usage:

1. He put his best foot forward in the job interview.
2. She always puts her best foot forward when meeting new clients.
3. They need to put their best foot forward to win the competition.

Similar Idioms:
"Make a good impression," "Do your best," "Go all out."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to make a good impression or put in maximum effort. The idiom does not refer to a literal foot but uses the metaphor of stepping confidently or positively to symbolize presenting one’s best self.

Origin:
From the 19th century, symbolizing having the advantages of two different things simultaneously.

Meaning:
To enjoy the advantages of two different things at the same time.

Usage:

1. Working from home gives her the best of both worlds.
2. They live in the city and have a country house, enjoying the best of both worlds.
3. His job offers the best of both worlds: good pay and flexible hours.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Having it all," "Win-win situation," "Two-for-one"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to enjoy the advantages of two different situations. The idiom conveys an ideal balance or benefit, and its meaning cannot be fully understood literally.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the mid-20th century, symbolizing something innovative or excellent, comparing it to the convenience of pre-sliced bread introduced in the 1920s.

Meaning:
An excellent new invention or innovation.

Usage:

1. This new app is the best thing since sliced bread.
2. She thinks her new phone is the best thing since sliced bread.
3. For him, online shopping is the best thing since sliced bread.

Similar Idioms:
"Greatest invention," "Amazing innovation," "Fantastic idea."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means something highly innovative or excellent. The idiom uses "sliced bread" metaphorically as a benchmark of convenience or greatness, rather than referring to bread literally.

Origin:
This idiom comes from horse racing and has been used since the 19th century to describe making a poor choice or decision.

Meaning:
To make a wrong or bad decision.

Usage:

1. He bet on the wrong horse by investing in that failing company.
2. She realized she bet on the wrong horse when her candidate lost the election.
3. They bet on the wrong horse with their marketing strategy.

Similar Idioms:
"Poor choice," "Bad decision," "Misjudgment."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to make a poor choice or support the wrong person or idea. It uses the metaphor of betting in horse racing, but the meaning extends beyond literal gambling to any situation involving misjudgment.

Origin:
From the 19th century, symbolizing a sure bet where one wagers their last dollar.

Meaning:
To be very certain about something.

Usage:

1. You can bet your bottom dollar that they’ll be on time.
2. I’d bet my bottom dollar that she’ll get the job.
3. He’s so sure he’d bet his bottom dollar on it.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Sure thing," "Certain," "Confident wager"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be very confident about something. The "bottom dollar" metaphorically represents the last or most valuable resource, and the meaning extends beyond its literal wording.

Origin:
From the mid-20th century, symbolizing risking everything on a single venture.

Meaning:
To risk everything on one venture.

Usage:

1. He bet the farm on his new startup.
2. They bet the farm on the outcome of the case.
3. Don't bet the farm on one stock; diversify your investments.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"All in," "Take a big gamble," "Put all eggs in one basket"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take a significant risk, often involving everything one has. The idiom uses "farm" metaphorically to represent something of great value, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since at least the 13th century to convey that doing something late is preferable to not doing it at all.

Meaning:
It is better to do something late than not at all.

Usage:

1. He finally apologized—better late than never.
2. She submitted her assignment late, but better late than never.
3. They arrived after the meeting started, better late than never.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Late but good", "Delayed but effective", "Never too late"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take a significant risk, often involving everything one has. The idiom uses "farm" metaphorically to represent something of great value, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 19th century, emphasizing the importance of caution to avoid regret later.

Meaning:
It is better to be cautious than to take a risk and regret it.

Usage:

1. She brought an umbrella because better safe than sorry.
2. He backed up his files to be better safe than sorry.
3. They locked the doors and windows, thinking better safe than sorry.

Similar Idioms:
"Err on the side of caution," "Better be cautious," "Safety first."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means it is wiser to be cautious than to take risks that may lead to regret. The idiom is a common proverb, using metaphorical language to emphasize the value of prudence over recklessness.

Origin:
This idiom likely comes from the idea of being trapped between two hard surfaces with no easy escape.

Meaning:
In a difficult situation with no easy way out.

Usage:

1. He found himself between a rock and a hard place when asked to choose between his job and his family.
2. She was between a rock and a hard place, having to choose between two bad options.
3. The company is between a rock and a hard place with its financial troubles.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"In a bind", "In a tough spot", "Caught in a dilemma"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take a significant risk, often involving everything one has. The idiom uses "farm" metaphorically to represent something of great value, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
From the 17th century, symbolizing a dilemma where both options are unfavorable.

Meaning:
Being in a difficult situation with no good choices.

Usage:

1. He was caught between the devil and the deep blue sea, having to choose between job security and personal happiness.
2. The company is between the devil and the deep blue sea with the new regulations.
3. They found themselves between the devil and the deep blue sea when the plan failed.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Caught between a rock and a hard place," "Dilemma," "No good options"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take a significant risk, often involving everything one has. The idiom uses "farm" metaphorically to represent something of great value, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing something that is more than one could have ever imagined.

Meaning:
Better or more amazing than one could have imagined.

Usage:

1. Winning the lottery was beyond his wildest dreams.
2. The success of her book was beyond her wildest dreams.
3. They achieved results beyond their wildest dreams.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Unimaginable," "More than expected," "Exceeding expectations."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means something far greater or more extraordinary than one could have imagined. The idiom uses "wildest dreams" metaphorically to represent unrealistic or highly ambitious expectations.

Origin:
From the 17th century, referring to the area outside the Pale of Settlement in Ireland, symbolizing something unacceptable or outside the bounds of acceptable behavior.

Meaning:
Outside the bounds of acceptable behavior.

Usage:

1. His rude comments were beyond the pale.
2. Lying to your friends is beyond the pale.
3. Her actions were considered beyond the pale by her colleagues.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Out of line," "Unacceptable," "Outrageous"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means something is unacceptable or outside the bounds of propriety. "Pale" historically refers to a boundary or limit, and its usage here is metaphorical and non-literal.

Origin:
From the legal terminology in the 19th century, symbolizing absolute certainty.

Meaning:
With absolute certainty.

Usage:

1. He was found guilty beyond the shadow of a doubt.
2. She knew beyond the shadow of a doubt that he was lying.
3. The evidence proved beyond the shadow of a doubt that he was innocent.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Without a doubt," "For sure," "Absolutely certain"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means something is absolutely certain. The "shadow of a doubt" is a metaphor for uncertainty, and the idiom conveys complete assurance in a non-literal way.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 16th century, symbolizing the act of waiting patiently for the right moment.

Meaning:
To wait patiently for a good opportunity.

Usage:

1. He decided to bide his time until the perfect job came along.
2. She is biding her time, waiting for the right moment to make her move.
3. They chose to bide their time before launching the new product.

Similar Idioms:
"Wait patiently," "Hold off," "Wait for the right moment."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to wait patiently for the right moment. The idiom uses "bide" in an archaic sense and does not directly refer to time management, making it a non-literal expression of strategic patience.

Origin:
Popularized by George Orwell's novel "1984" (1949), symbolizing a powerful, intrusive authority.

Meaning:
An authoritative figure or organization that exercises excessive control or surveillance.

Usage:

1. The government’s new policies feel like Big Brother is watching us.
2. Employees felt like Big Brother was monitoring their every move.
3. The new security measures have a Big Brother vibe.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Authoritarian," "Overbearing authority," "Surveillance state"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a controlling or overly intrusive authority, often in the context of surveillance or oppression. The term originates from George Orwell's 1984 and extends far beyond its literal meaning of an elder sibling.

Origin:
From early 20th century American slang, symbolizing an important or influential person.

Meaning:
An important or influential person.

Usage:

1. He’s the big cheese in the company.
2. The event was attended by all the big cheeses in the industry.
3. She became the big cheese after her promotion.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Big shot," "Top dog," "Head honcho"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means an important or influential person. The word "cheese" here is metaphorical and does not refer to the literal dairy product, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the idea of being a significant or influential person in a small setting.

Meaning:
An important person in a small or unimportant place or organization.

Usage:

1. He enjoys being a big fish in a small pond at his local club.
2. She left the city to be a big fish in a small pond in her hometown.
3. In their small school, he was a big fish in a small pond.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Local hero", "Big shot", "Top dog"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes a person who is important or successful in a small or limited environment. The imagery of a "big fish" in a "small pond" is metaphorical and cannot be understood literally.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 15th century, symbolizing the idea that having something certain is better than taking a risk for more, where you might lose everything.

Meaning:
It is better to have a small but certain advantage than the possibility of a greater one that may come to nothing.

Usage:

1. I decided not to invest in the new startup, because a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
2. Even though the job offer is less exciting, I accepted it because a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
3. They chose to take the guaranteed bonus instead of risking it for a higher payout, believing a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Better safe than sorry," "Don't count your chickens before they hatch," "A sure thing."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that it’s better to hold onto what you have than to risk it for something uncertain. The idiom uses metaphorical imagery of a bird to convey the value of certainty and practicality, which cannot be deduced from the literal words alone.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and is based on the observation that birds of the same species often fly together.

Meaning:
People who are similar tend to associate with each other.

Usage:

1. Those two are always together—birds of a feather flock together.
2. She noticed that birds of a feather flock together when it came to social groups.
3. The saying birds of a feather flock together explains why they’re such close friends.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Like attracts like", "Similar people stick together", "Kindred spirits"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means people with similar interests or characteristics tend to associate with one another. The imagery of birds flocking together is metaphorical and not meant to be interpreted literally.

Origin:
This idiom likely comes from trying to chew too much food at once, making it difficult to manage.

Meaning:
To take on a task that is more than one can handle.

Usage:

1. He bit off more than he could chew by agreeing to lead both projects.
2. She realized she had bitten off more than she could chew with her ambitious plans.
3. Don’t bite off more than you can chew; start with smaller goals.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overextend", "Overcommit", "Take on too much"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take on more responsibility than one can handle. The act of biting off too much is a metaphor for overcommitting, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing an overreaction or getting angry at someone very quickly.

Meaning:
To respond with sudden and sharp anger.

Usage:

1. He bit her head off for no reason when she asked a simple question.
2. There's no need to bite my head off; I was just making a suggestion.
3. She tends to bite people's heads off when she's stressed.

Similar Idioms:
"Snap at someone," "Lose one's temper," "Fly off the handle."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to respond angrily or aggressively to someone. The idiom does not refer to a literal act of biting but uses exaggerated imagery to convey an emotional reaction.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century, symbolizing the act of stopping oneself from speaking.

Meaning:
To stop oneself from saying something.

Usage:

1. She bit her tongue to avoid saying something rude.
2. He had to bite his tongue during the meeting.
3. I bit my tongue to keep from laughing at the joke.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Hold one's tongue", "Keep quiet", "Stay silent"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to hold back from saying something, especially something critical or inappropriate. The act of biting one’s tongue is not literal but a metaphor for self-restraint in speech.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the practice of having soldiers bite on a bullet during surgery to endure the pain.

Meaning:
To endure a painful or unpleasant situation that is unavoidable.

Usage:

1. He decided to bite the bullet and face the difficult conversation.
2. I'll bite the bullet and get the root canal done.
3. Sometimes you just have to bite the bullet and take on the challenge.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Grin and bear it", "Face the music", "Take it on the chin"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to face a difficult or unpleasant situation with courage. The idiom originates from historical practices but is now used metaphorically, and its meaning cannot be understood literally.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the idea of falling face down into the dust.

Meaning:
To fail or be defeated.

Usage:

1. Many startups bite the dust within their first year.
2. The old computer finally bit the dust.
3. His dreams of becoming a singer bit the dust after the audition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Fail", "Collapse", "Go under"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to fail, die, or be defeated. The imagery of "biting the dust" is metaphorical and does not relate to a literal act of eating dust.

Origin:
This idiom likely comes from the literal act of an animal biting the person who feeds it, representing ingratitude.

Meaning:
To harm someone who has helped or supported you.

Usage:

1. It’s unwise to bite the hand that feeds you.
2. He bit the hand that fed him by betraying his mentor.
3. Don’t bite the hand that feeds you by criticizing your supporters.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Ingratitude", "Betrayal", "Turn on one's benefactor"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to harm or criticize someone who provides help or support. The metaphorical "hand that feeds" represents a benefactor, and its meaning cannot be interpreted literally.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing someone who has suddenly become very enthusiastic or interested in something.

Meaning:
To become very enthusiastic or passionate about something.

Usage:

1. He was bitten by the travel bug and now travels every chance he gets.
2. She's been bitten by the gardening bug and spends all her weekends in the garden.
3. After his first game, he was bitten by the golf bug and played every week.

Similar Idioms:
"Caught the bug," "Passionate about," "Hooked on."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to develop a sudden strong interest or enthusiasm for something. The “bug” is metaphorical, representing an irresistible urge or passion, not an actual insect.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the early 20th century, symbolizing oil, which is considered very valuable like gold.

Meaning:
Oil

Usage:

1. The discovery of black gold transformed the small town into a bustling city.
2. Many nations depend on black gold for their wealth.
3. The oil industry is constantly searching for more black gold.

Similar Idioms:
"Liquid gold," "Crude oil," "Petroleum."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to crude oil, highlighting its value and scarcity. The term "gold" is metaphorical, representing wealth and importance, as oil is not literally gold.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the loss of consciousness or a temporary loss of vision.

Meaning:
To lose consciousness or temporarily lose vision

Usage:

1. He blacked out after hitting his head.
2. The pilot blacked out due to high G-forces.
3. The lights blacked out during the storm.

Similar Idioms:
"Pass out," "Faint," "Lose consciousness."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to lose consciousness or memory temporarily. While it may originate from the literal idea of darkness, its usage goes beyond the literal words to describe a physiological or mental state.

Origin:
From the 18th century, referring to a member of a family or group who is different and often considered a disgrace.

Meaning:
A person who is considered a disgrace or failure by their family or group.

Usage:

1. He’s the black sheep of the family.
2. She always felt like the black sheep at work.
3. Despite being the black sheep, he achieved great success.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Outcast," "Misfit," "Disgrace"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means a person who is considered the outcast or disgrace of a family or group. The "black sheep" is a metaphor for being different or undesirable, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the 18th century practice where club members used black balls to vote against a candidate's admission.

Meaning:
To vote against or exclude someone from a group or organization.

Usage:

1. He was blackballed from the club due to his controversial views.
2. The committee decided to blackball her application.
3. They feared being blackballed by their peers for supporting the new policy.

Similar Idioms:
"Exclude," "Ostracize," "Shun."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to exclude or ostracize someone, often from a group or organization. The term originates from the literal act of using a black ball in secret votes to reject candidates, but its current meaning is entirely figurative, describing a form of social rejection.

Origin:
From the 19th century, referring to a check with no specified amount, symbolizing complete freedom to spend or act.

Meaning:
Unlimited freedom or authority to act or spend.

Usage:

1. The CEO gave the project manager a blank check to complete the task.
2. He received a blank check from his parents for his education.
3. They handed her a blank check to plan the event.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Carte blanche," "Unlimited authority," "Free rein"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means unlimited freedom or authority to act as one wishes, especially financially. The literal concept of a blank check is extended metaphorically to signify boundless discretion.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-18th century and suggests that what initially appears negative can have positive outcomes.

Meaning:
Something that seems bad at first but results in something good.

Usage:

1. Losing his job was a blessing in disguise; it led him to a better career.
2. The injury turned out to be a blessing in disguise, giving her time to rethink her goals.
3. Missing the flight was a blessing in disguise; the next one had fewer delays.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Silver lining", "Hidden blessing", "Good comes from bad"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means something that initially seems negative but turns out to be beneficial. The idiom uses the concept of a "disguise" metaphorically, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century, symbolizing the act of confusing someone with technical jargon or complex information.

Meaning:
To confuse someone with complicated or technical information.

Usage:

1. The salesman tried to blind us with science to sell the product.
2. He always blinds people with science to avoid answering simple questions.
3. She blinded her colleagues with science during the presentation.

Similar Idioms:
"Overwhelm with jargon," "Confuse with complexity," "Baffle with details."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to overwhelm or confuse someone with technical jargon or overly complex explanations. The idiom uses "blind" metaphorically, as there is no literal blinding involved, and its meaning goes beyond the literal interpretation of the words.

Origin:
From the early 20th century, symbolizing the inability to see faults or flaws due to romantic feelings.

Meaning:
Unable to see someone’s faults because of love.

Usage:

1. He’s blinded by love and can’t see her true character.
2. Don’t let yourself be blinded by love; be rational.
3. She was so blinded by love that she ignored the warning signs.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Love is blind," "Infatuated," "Head over heels"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be unable to see or understand something clearly due to strong feelings of love. The concept of being "blinded" is a metaphor for being irrational or emotionally overwhelmed, making it non-literal.

Origin:
From the 19th century, describing sensational, melodramatic fiction or events.

Meaning:
Sensational and dramatic.

Usage:

1. The novel is full of blood and thunder.
2. Their argument was all blood and thunder.
3. The movie is a blood and thunder adventure.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Dramatic," "Sensational," "Melodramatic"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a situation or event that is characterized by dramatic, intense, or violent action. The idiom uses "blood" and "thunder" metaphorically to evoke strong emotions, rather than referring to actual blood or thunder.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the early 20th century, symbolizing hard work and effort, popularized by Winston Churchill during World War II.

Meaning:
A lot of effort and hard work.

Usage:

1. Building the company from scratch took a lot of blood, sweat, and tears.
2. His success is the result of blood, sweat, and tears.
3. She put blood, sweat, and tears into her art.

Similar Idioms:
"Hard work," "Toil and effort," "Labor."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means great effort, hard work, and sacrifice put into achieving something. While the words reference physical elements, their usage is metaphorical, symbolizing intense labor and perseverance rather than literal blood, sweat, or tears.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century, symbolizing the act of ruining someone's good reputation.

Meaning:
To spoil someone's good record or reputation.

Usage:

1. His mistake blotted his copy book at work.
2. The scandal blotted her copy book in the community.
3. He tried to clear his name after blotting his copy book.

Similar Idioms:
"Tarnish reputation," "Stain someone's record," "Besmirch name."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to tarnish someone’s reputation or record. The idiom uses "blot" metaphorically, as there is no literal ink blot or physical copybook involved in its modern usage, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of becoming very angry, akin to an electrical fuse blowing out.

Meaning:
To become very angry or lose one's temper.

Usage:

1. She blew a fuse when she found out about the betrayal.
2. He tends to blow a fuse over small mistakes.
3. The boss blew a fuse during the heated meeting.

Similar Idioms:
"Lose temper," "Fly off the handle," "Go ballistic."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to lose one’s temper or become extremely angry. While the idiom originates from electrical fuses blowing due to overload, its modern meaning applies to human emotions, making it a non-literal, figurative expression.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the early 20th century, related to engine gaskets blowing and causing mechanical failure, symbolizing someone losing control.

Meaning:
To become very angry or upset.

Usage:

1. He blew a gasket when he saw the mess in the kitchen.
2. The coach blew a gasket after the team lost the game.
3. She blew a gasket when she heard the unfair criticism.

Similar Idioms:
"Lose control," "Erupt in anger," "Go berserk."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to become very angry or frustrated. The idiom uses "gasket" metaphorically, drawing from mechanical failures, but it does not describe a literal mechanical event in its modern usage.

Origin:
From Aesop's fable "The Man and the Satyr," symbolizing inconsistency or frequent changes of opinion.

Meaning:
To be inconsistent in one's actions or opinions.

Usage:

1. He tends to blow hot and cold in his decision-making.
2. Her feelings blow hot and cold, making it hard to understand her.
3. The committee’s stance on the issue blows hot and cold.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Inconsistent," "Fickle," "Changeable"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be inconsistent or to vacillate between two opposite opinions or feelings. The "hot and cold" is metaphorical, representing contrasting behaviors, not referring to actual temperature changes.

Origin:
This idiom comes from steam engines, where excess steam is released to prevent pressure build-up.

Meaning:
To release pent-up energy or emotions.

Usage:

1. He went for a run to blow off steam after the argument.
2. She likes to blow off steam by playing the drums.
3. After a stressful week, he blew off steam by going out with friends.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Let off steam", "Vent", "Unwind"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to release pent-up emotions, usually anger or frustration. The imagery of blowing off steam comes from the literal process of releasing pressure, but here it conveys a non-literal meaning of emotional release.

Origin:
From the early 20th century, referring to the stack of a steam engine releasing pressure, symbolizing losing one’s temper.

Meaning:
To lose one's temper.

Usage:

1. He blew his stack when he found out about the mistake.
2. She tries not to blow her stack over minor issues.
3. The coach blew his stack during the intense game.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Lose one's temper," "Blow up," "Fly off the handle"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to lose one's temper or become very angry. The "stack" in this case refers to a metaphorical structure that is "blown" when someone loses control, not a literal object.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of exaggerating or making something seem more important or serious than it is.

Meaning:
To exaggerate or make something seem more important or serious than it really is.

Usage:

1. The media blew the incident out of proportion.
2. Don't blow his comment out of proportion; it wasn't that bad.
3. She tends to blow minor issues out of proportion.

Similar Idioms:
"Overreact," "Exaggerate," "Make a mountain out of a molehill."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to exaggerate or overreact to something. The idiom uses "blow out" metaphorically, referring to the act of magnifying an issue beyond its actual significance, which is not tied to the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 19th century, symbolizing the act of boasting or praising oneself, similar to blowing a trumpet to announce one's presence.

Meaning:
To boast or brag about one's own achievements.

Usage:

1. She never misses a chance to blow her own trumpet.
2. He was blowing his own trumpet about his latest success.
3. It's important to be confident, but don't blow your own trumpet too much.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Toot one's own horn", "Self-promote", "Brag"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to boast or brag about one’s own achievements. The "trumpet" is not literal but symbolizes self-praise, as one is metaphorically "playing their own tune" to gain attention or admiration.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing a situation that fails disastrously or unexpectedly causes harm to the person who started it.

Meaning:
To fail disastrously or to backfire.

Usage:

1. His plan to surprise her blew up in his face when she got upset.
2. The company's risky investment blew up in their faces.
3. Her attempt to mediate the argument blew up in her face.

Similar Idioms:
"Backfire," "Turn sour," "Fail disastrously."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means for something (such as a plan or situation) to fail disastrously or unexpectedly. The imagery of something "blowing up" suggests sudden failure, but it is not a literal explosion; the expression conveys a figurative meaning tied to disappointment or failure.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the mid-20th century, symbolizing someone losing their temper explosively, like the top of a volcano blowing off.

Meaning:
To become very angry or lose one's temper.

Usage:

1. He blew his top when he found out about the mistake.
2. She blows her top whenever she's stressed.
3. The boss blew his top during the meeting over the missed deadline.

Similar Idioms:
"Lose temper," "Go ballistic," "Explode with anger."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to lose one’s temper or become extremely angry. The idiom uses "blow" metaphorically to suggest an emotional outburst, much like a pressure build-up, and "top" symbolizes one’s composure rather than a literal cap or lid.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing someone who looks unwell or sickly, with "blue" referring to the color of the face when one is ill.

Meaning:
To look ill or unwell.

Usage:

1. He looked blue around the gills after the rough boat trip.
2. She felt blue around the gills from the flu.
3. They noticed he was blue around the gills and took him to the doctor.

Similar Idioms:
"Under the weather," "Sickly," "Pale and unwell."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to appear sick or unwell. The reference to "blue" suggests paleness or discoloration due to illness, and "gills" metaphorically refers to the face, drawing from imagery of fish. It’s not a literal statement about color or gills.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century, originally from Spanish "sangre azul," symbolizing noble or aristocratic heritage.

Meaning:
Noble or aristocratic descent.

Usage:

1. She comes from a family of blue blood.
2. The prince's blue blood was evident in his manners and education.
3. He likes to boast about his blue blood heritage.

Similar Idioms:
"Nobility," "Aristocracy," "Royal lineage."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone from an aristocratic or noble lineage. The term does not refer to literal blue blood but originates from a historical association with visible veins due to pale skin in aristocracy, making it entirely figurative.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing someone trying very hard or for a long time to do something, until they are exhausted.

Meaning:
To do something repeatedly or for a long time without success.

Usage:

1. You can argue until you're blue in the face, but it won't change my mind.
2. He tried explaining it to them until he was blue in the face.
3. She lectured them until she was blue in the face, but they didn't listen.

Similar Idioms:
"Exhaust yourself," "To no avail," "Until you're worn out."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to exhaust oneself while trying to persuade or argue, with no result. The idiom uses "blue" metaphorically to describe the futility of the effort, rather than an actual change in skin color.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing someone who is particularly favored or liked by others, often a superior.

Meaning:
A person who is very favored by someone in authority.

Usage:

1. He's the blue-eyed boy of the team leader.
2. The teacher's blue-eyed boy always gets special treatment.
3. She resented him for being the boss's blue-eyed boy.

Similar Idioms:
"Favored one," "Teacher's pet," "Golden boy."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to someone who is a favorite or highly regarded, often unfairly. The term "blue-eyed" does not literally refer to eye color but symbolizes innocence or favoritism, making its meaning entirely figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 18th century, symbolizing someone who is confident or brash, with brass being a hard, shiny metal.

Meaning:
Very confident and not showing any fear or shame.

Usage:

1. She walked into the meeting, bold as brass, and demanded a raise.
2. He addressed the crowd, bold as brass, without any hesitation.
3. The child was bold as brass, speaking up in front of all the adults.

Similar Idioms:
"Fearless," "Brazen," "Unashamed."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes someone who is overly confident, brash, or shameless. The term "brass" symbolizes boldness and has no literal connection to the material itself, making its meaning entirely non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom likely comes from the idea of a sudden bolt of lightning from a clear, blue sky.

Meaning:
A sudden and unexpected event.

Usage:

1. The news of his resignation was a bolt from the blue.
2. The decision to close the company came as a bolt from the blue.
3. Her surprise visit was a bolt from the blue.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Out of the blue", "Sudden shock", "Unexpected surprise"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means an unexpected event or a surprise, often one that is shocking or dramatic. The "bolt" and "blue" are used metaphorically to suggest an unforeseen event, not referring to a literal bolt or the sky.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century, symbolizing a topic that causes disagreement or conflict.

Meaning:
A subject or issue over which there is ongoing disagreement or conflict.

Usage:

1. The budget allocation is a bone of contention among the committee members.
2. Their differing political views are often a bone of contention.
3. The inheritance became a bone of contention within the family.

Similar Idioms:
"Point of dispute," "Source of conflict," "Contentious issue."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to an issue or subject that causes dispute or disagreement. The idiom uses "bone" metaphorically, likening the issue to something fought over, as dogs might fight over a literal bone, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 16th century, symbolizing someone who loves to read, likened to a worm that eats through books.

Meaning:
A person who loves to read.

Usage:

1. She's always been a bookworm, spending her free time with her nose in a book.
2. He was a bookworm in school, always found in the library.
3. Bookworms often have vast collections of novels and literature.

Similar Idioms:
"Avid reader," "Bibliophile," "Reading enthusiast."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone who loves reading or spends a lot of time with books. The term "worm" is metaphorical, suggesting someone who burrows into books, and does not refer to an actual creature or literal action.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing someone born into a wealthy and privileged family.

Meaning:
To be born into a wealthy and privileged family.

Usage:

1. He doesn't understand the value of money because he was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.
2. She was born with a silver spoon and never had to work for anything.
3. Many assumed he was born with a silver spoon because of his lavish lifestyle.

Similar Idioms:
"Privileged," "Rich from birth," "Born into wealth."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone who is born into privilege or wealth. The "silver spoon" does not literally refer to cutlery but symbolizes affluence and a life of ease due to family wealth or status, making its meaning entirely non-literal.

Origin:
From the early 20th century, meaning to create unnecessary problems for oneself.

Meaning:
To create unnecessary problems or worry about things that have not happened yet.

Usage:

1. Don’t borrow trouble by worrying about what might go wrong.
2. She’s always borrowing trouble with her pessimistic outlook.
3. He tends to borrow trouble by overthinking minor issues.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make a mountain out of a molehill," "Overthink," "Worry unnecessarily"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to bring unnecessary problems or difficulties upon oneself. The concept of borrowing trouble is metaphorical, as one cannot literally borrow trouble, making the phrase non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing a sudden and complete collapse or failure.

Meaning:
To suddenly and completely collapse or fail.

Usage:

1. When the stock market crashed, the bottom fell out of their investments.
2. The bottom fell out of the project when the funding was cut.
3. The bottom fell out of the plan when key members left the team.

Similar Idioms:
"Collapse," "Fall apart," "Fail suddenly."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means a sudden or complete collapse of a situation or market. The "bottom" is not a literal object but symbolizes the foundation or stability of something, and its "falling out" refers to sudden failure, making the meaning figurative.

Origin:
From the early 20th century, referring to scraping the bottom of a barrel to get the last, least desirable parts.

Meaning:
The least desirable or worst part of something.

Usage:

1. They hired from the bottom of the barrel for the last position.
2. The remaining players were from the bottom of the barrel.
3. The quality of the product was the bottom of the barrel.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Scraping the bottom," "Last resort," "Lowest quality"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to the worst or least desirable part of something, usually used to describe a situation or condition that is at its lowest point. The "bottom of the barrel" is a metaphor, not referring to a literal barrel.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the emigration of educated and talented individuals from one country to another.

Meaning:
The emigration of educated and talented individuals from one country to another.

Usage:

1. The country is facing a brain drain as many professionals move abroad.
2. Efforts are being made to reverse the brain drain and retain talent.
3. The brain drain has negatively impacted the nation's economy.

Similar Idioms:
"Talent exodus," "Loss of talent," "Skilled emigration."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to the emigration of skilled professionals or intellectuals from one place to another. The "drain" is not literal but metaphorically represents the loss of talent, making the expression non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing a poor memory, where information seems to pass through like water through a sieve.

Meaning:
To have a very poor memory.

Usage:

1. I have a brain like a sieve; I keep forgetting where I put my keys.
2. She has a brain like a sieve and can't remember names.
3. He admits to having a brain like a sieve, always forgetting appointments.

Similar Idioms:
"Forgetful," "Absent-minded," "Scatterbrained."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone with a poor memory. The "sieve" does not literally describe the brain but metaphorically suggests something that leaks or cannot retain information, making its meaning entirely figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the person who is the main planner or mastermind behind an idea or project.

Meaning:
The person who is the main planner or mastermind behind an idea or project.

Usage:

1. She is the brains behind the successful marketing campaign.
2. He was recognized as the brains behind the company's innovative product.
3. The brains behind the operation remained anonymous.

Similar Idioms:
"Mastermind," "Architect," "Strategist."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to the person responsible for the ideas or planning behind a project or initiative. The term "brains" symbolizes intellect and strategic thinking rather than a literal organ, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the person who earns the money to support a family.

Meaning:
The person who earns the money to support a family.

Usage:

1. He is the bread-winner of the family, working two jobs to make ends meet.
2. She became the primary bread-winner after her husband's illness.
3. The bread-winner role shifted when she got a high-paying job.

Similar Idioms:
"Provider," "Main earner," "Family supporter."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to the person who earns the primary income for a household. The term "bread" symbolizes money or sustenance, and "winner" implies earning it, making the expression non-literal but widely understood.

Origin:
This idiom is used in theater where wishing good luck is considered bad luck, so "break a leg" is used instead.

Meaning:
A way to wish someone good luck, especially in the performing arts.

Usage:

1. Break a leg at your performance tonight!
2. She told him to break a leg before his big audition.
3. They wished each other to break a leg before the show started.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Good luck", "Best wishes", "Knock 'em dead"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to wish someone good luck, especially before a performance. The idiom is not meant to be taken literally; instead, it is a metaphorical expression rooted in theater tradition.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of disregarding or violating all established rules.

Meaning:
To disregard or violate all established rules.

Usage:

1. He broke every rule in the book to get ahead in his career.
2. The company was fined for breaking every rule in the book.
3. She managed to break every rule in the book during her short stay at the school.

Similar Idioms:
"Disregard rules," "Violate norms," "Flout regulations."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to act in a completely unconventional or illegal manner. The "book" here symbolizes a set of rules or laws, and the act of "breaking" them is not literal but represents noncompliance, making its meaning figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century, symbolizing the act of doing something innovative or pioneering.

Meaning:
To do something innovative or pioneering.

Usage:

1. The scientist broke fresh ground with her new research.
2. They aim to break fresh ground with their unique business model.
3. The artist broke fresh ground with his avant-garde style.

Similar Idioms:
"Innovate," "Pioneer," "Blaze a trail."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to innovate or do something new. The term "ground" does not refer to literal land but represents uncharted territory in a metaphorical sense, making its meaning entirely figurative.

Origin:
This idiom originates from agriculture, where breaking new ground means preparing new land for planting.

Meaning:
To do something innovative or unprecedented.

Usage:

1. The researchers broke new ground with their discovery.
2. The company is breaking new ground in renewable energy.
3. She broke new ground in the field of digital art.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Innovate", "Pioneer", "Trailblaze"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to do something innovative or pioneering. "Breaking new ground" refers to metaphorically making a significant change or discovery, not the literal action of breaking physical earth.

Origin:
From the early 19th century, describing a sudden onset of sweat due to fear or anxiety.

Meaning:
To suddenly sweat due to fear or anxiety.

Usage:

1. He broke out in a cold sweat before his presentation.
2. The thought of speaking in public made her break out in a cold sweat.
3. The intense situation caused him to break out in a cold sweat.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Sweating bullets," "Fearful," "Nervous"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to suddenly experience anxiety, fear, or nervousness. The "cold sweat" is a metaphor for physical reactions to emotional distress, not a literal occurrence.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of working extremely hard or making a significant effort.

Meaning:
To work extremely hard or make a significant effort.

Usage:

1. He broke his back trying to complete the project on time.
2. She broke her back to provide for her family.
3. They broke their backs to ensure the event's success.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Work hard," "Put in a lot of effort," "Toil."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to work extremely hard, often to the point of exhaustion. The term "break someone's back" is not a literal injury but symbolizes an intense effort or struggle, making the meaning figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century, symbolizing the act of causing someone great emotional pain or sorrow.

Meaning:
To cause someone great emotional pain or sorrow.

Usage:

1. He broke her heart when he left without saying goodbye.
2. The news of his departure broke his mother's heart.
3. She knew that telling the truth would break his heart.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Devastate," "Cause heartbreak," "Crush emotionally."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to cause someone great emotional pain or sorrow. The "heart" symbolizes deep feelings or emotional well-being, and the "breaking" is not a literal action but a representation of emotional hurt, making its meaning entirely non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom uses the metaphor of breaking a significant obstacle to signify overcoming the hardest part.

Meaning:
To complete the most difficult part of a task.

Usage:

1. They broke the back of the project by finishing the initial design.
2. She broke the back of her homework and just had some minor tasks left.
3. Once we break the back of this challenge, the rest will be easier.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Tackle the biggest challenge", "Overcome the hardest part", "Make substantial progress"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to overcome the most difficult part of a task or situation. The idiom uses "breaking the back" metaphorically to signify achieving a significant breakthrough, not referring to a literal physical action.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 19th century, symbolizing the act of overcoming a major challenge or defeating a powerful opponent.

Meaning:
To overcome a major challenge or defeat a powerful opponent.

Usage:

1. The team worked tirelessly to break the back of the beast and complete the project.
2. They broke the back of the beast by winning the final match.
3. She broke the back of the beast by passing the rigorous exam.

Similar Idioms:
"Overcome a challenge," "Defeat," "Conquer."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to overcome the most challenging or significant part of a task or problem. The "back" and "beast" are metaphorical, with the beast representing the obstacle and breaking the back symbolizing conquering it, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom likely comes from gambling, where winning all the money from the bank (or house) would cause it to go bankrupt.

Meaning:
To cost too much money.

Usage:

1. Buying that car will break the bank.
2. They didn’t want to break the bank on their wedding.
3. The vacation was nice but didn’t break the bank.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Cost a fortune", "Very expensive", "High-priced"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to spend an excessive amount of money or to use up all of one's resources. The idiom is metaphorical, as it does not involve an actual bank but refers to financial exhaustion.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the proverb "It is the last straw that breaks the camel's back," referring to the accumulative effect of small burdens.

Meaning:
A minor or routine action that causes an unexpectedly large reaction because of the cumulative effect of small actions.

Usage:

1. The final argument was the straw that broke the camel's back.
2. Their constant complaints were the straw that broke the camel's back for the manager.
3. The last-minute change was the straw that broke the camel's back in the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Final straw", "Last straw", "Breaking point"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to the final straw or the tipping point after a series of burdens or stresses. The metaphor involves the "camel's back" breaking under pressure, not a literal event involving a camel.

Origin:
This idiom comes from ships breaking the ice to open up sea lanes for navigation.

Meaning:
To initiate conversation in a social setting.

Usage:

1. He told a joke to break the ice at the party.
2. The team-building activity helped break the ice among new coworkers.
3. They exchanged small talk to break the ice before discussing business.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Get the ball rolling", "Warm up", "Start off"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to initiate conversation or create a more relaxed atmosphere in an initially awkward situation. The "ice" here is metaphorical, referring to social tension, and is not a literal ice-breaking activity.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the practice of breaking a mold after casting, ensuring that no duplicates can be made.

Meaning:
To do something in a new and innovative way.

Usage:

1. She broke the mold with her unique approach to the problem.
2. The new CEO aims to break the mold and change the company’s culture.
3. His creative design broke the mold of traditional architecture.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Innovate", "Revolutionize", "Set new standards"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to do something in a way that is completely new or different from previous methods or conventions. The "mold" is a metaphor for established patterns, not a literal object.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the feeling of someone being so close that you can feel their breath, often implying pressure or supervision.

Meaning:
To closely monitor or supervise someone in a way that makes them uncomfortable.

Usage:

1. His boss was breathing down his neck all day, making him nervous.
2. She felt pressured with her parents constantly breathing down her neck.
3. The teacher breathed down the students' necks during the exam.

Similar Idioms:
"Micromanage," "Hover over," "Keep a close eye on."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to closely supervise or pressure someone, often uncomfortably. The imagery of "breathing down someone's neck" suggests being physically close, but the phrase does not refer to literal breathing, making it figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the alert and energetic demeanor often associated with a lively squirrel.

Meaning:
Full of energy and enthusiasm.

Usage:

1. She arrived at the meeting bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, ready to start the day.
2. The children were bright-eyed and bushy-tailed on their first day of school.
3. He felt bright-eyed and bushy-tailed after a good night's sleep.

Similar Idioms:
"Full of beans," "Energetic," "Wide awake."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be energetic, eager, or enthusiastic. The terms "bright-eyed" and "bushy-tailed" do not literally describe physical attributes but metaphorically represent an alert and optimistic demeanor, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the theater, where the curtain coming down signals the end of a performance.

Meaning:
To end or finish something.

Usage:

1. The scandal brought down the curtain on his political career.
2. It’s time to bring down the curtain on this project.
3. The final chapter brought down the curtain on the story.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"End", "Conclude", "Finish"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to end or conclude something, often used in the context of a performance or an event. The "curtain" refers to the metaphorical end of a show, not a literal curtain being dropped.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the idea of applause or cheers being so loud that they could bring the house down.

Meaning:
To give a very successful or enthusiastic performance.

Usage:

1. The band's performance brought down the house.
2. Her speech brought down the house at the conference.
3. The comedian brought down the house with his jokes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Get a standing ovation", "Receive thunderous applause", "Steal the show"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to receive an enthusiastic or overwhelming response, particularly in a performance setting. "Bringing down the house" refers to the metaphorical collapse due to applause, not a literal structure.

Origin:
This idiom may come from the practice of giving bacon as a prize, symbolizing a good livelihood.

Meaning:
To earn money to support one's family.

Usage:

1. He works hard to bring home the bacon for his family.
2. She brings home the bacon as the primary earner in the household.
3. They both bring home the bacon to support their children."

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Earn a living", "Support financially", "Provide income"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to earn money or provide for one’s family. "Bacon" is used metaphorically to represent sustenance or earnings, not referring to the literal act of bringing home food.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of contributing nothing of value to a discussion or situation.

Meaning:
To contribute nothing of value.

Usage:

1. He criticizes but brings nothing to the table in terms of solutions.
2. The new proposal brings nothing to the table that we haven't already considered.
3. If you bring nothing to the table, it's hard to justify your involvement.

Similar Idioms:
"Add no value," "Contribute nothing," "Dead weight."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to contribute nothing of value to a situation or discussion. The "table" here symbolizes a metaphorical place where contributions are made, not a literal piece of furniture, and the phrase represents a figurative lack of usefulness.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of controlling or disciplining someone, much like training a dog to follow at one's heel.

Meaning:
To force someone to obey or submit.

Usage:

1. The manager quickly brought the unruly team to heel.
2. She brought the children to heel with a stern voice.
3. The new regulations aim to bring rogue traders to heel.

Similar Idioms:
"Discipline," "Control," "Rein in."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to force someone to obey or comply. The idiom originates from training dogs to stay at their owner's heel but is used metaphorically to describe bringing a person under control or authority, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
From the late 20th century, symbolizing being inadequately prepared for a situation.

Meaning:
Being inadequately prepared for a confrontation or challenge.

Usage:

1. He was bringing a knife to a gunfight during the debate.
2. Competing with that technology is like bringing a knife to a gunfight.
3. Without proper preparation, it’s like bringing a knife to a gunfight.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Unprepared," "Outmatched," "Under-equipped"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means being ill-prepared or outmatched in a particular situation. The knife and gunfight are metaphorical, symbolizing inadequate resources or preparation, not actual weapons.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the mid-20th century, symbolizing that even something that doesn't work properly can be correct occasionally.

Meaning:
Even unreliable people or things can be right occasionally.

Usage:

1. He got the answer right this time, but even a broken watch is right twice a day.
2. Her prediction was accurate, but a broken watch is right twice a day.
3. They were skeptical of his advice, remembering that a broken watch is right twice a day.

Similar Idioms:
"Occasional accuracy," "Blind squirrel finds a nut," "Even a stopped clock is right twice a day."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means that even someone or something flawed can occasionally be correct. The "broken watch" is a literal object, but its symbolic use in this context to express a philosophical idea makes the meaning figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 18th century, symbolizing a deep tan or sunburned complexion, likening it to the color of a ripe berry.

Meaning:
Very tanned or sunburned.

Usage:

1. After a week at the beach, she came back brown as a berry.
2. He gets brown as a berry every summer.
3. The lifeguards are always brown as a berry from being in the sun all day.

Similar Idioms:
"Deeply tanned," "Sun-kissed," "Bronzed."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone is very tanned. The phrase does not refer to literal berries being brown (since most berries are not brown) but uses "brown as a berry" metaphorically to describe skin tone, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the state of being annoyed or fed up.

Meaning:
Annoyed or fed up.

Usage:

1. He was browned-off by the constant delays in his commute.
2. She felt browned-off with the lack of progress on the project.
3. The employees were browned-off due to the new company policies.

Similar Idioms:
"Irritated," "Fed up," "Annoyed."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means annoyed or irritated. The term "browned-off" does not refer to literal cooking or color changes but is a metaphorical expression of frustration, making it non-literal.

Origin:
his idiom dates back to the mid-19th century, symbolizing the act of fastening oneself in preparation for hard work, much like buckling a belt.

Meaning:
To start working hard or seriously.

Usage:

1. It's time to buckle down and finish your homework.
2. They need to buckle down if they want to meet the deadline.
3. She decided to buckle down and study for the exam.

Similar Idioms:
"Get to work," "Knuckle down," "Focus and work hard."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to focus and work hard on a task. The idiom originates from the literal act of fastening a belt (buckle), but its use here represents a mental or emotional commitment to effort, making it figurative.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the late 20th century, symbolizing the act of creating positive relationships or connections between people.

Meaning:
To promote good relationships or connections between people.

Usage:

1. The community project aims to build bridges between different cultural groups.
2. She always tries to build bridges with her colleagues.
3. The new policy is designed to build bridges between management and staff.

Similar Idioms:
"Foster relationships," "Mend fences," "Connect people."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to foster connections or improve relationships. While the literal act of constructing a bridge is implied, the idiom is symbolic of creating understanding or harmony between people or groups, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the image of a large bull causing damage in a shop full of fragile items.

Meaning:
A person who is clumsy or careless in a delicate situation.

Usage:

1. He was like a bull in a china shop during the negotiation.
2. She felt like a bull in a china shop at the elegant dinner party.
3. When it comes to handling sensitive issues, he’s a bull in a china shop.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Clumsy", "Careless", "Tactless"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes someone who is clumsy or prone to causing disruptions in a delicate situation. The "bull" and "china shop" are metaphors for lack of care and sensitivity, not referring to an actual animal or store.

Origin:
This idiom originates from the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of pushing someone into doing something forcefully, like a bulldozer moving obstacles.

Meaning:
To force someone to do something.

Usage:

1. He bulldozed his way through the negotiations.
2. She felt bulldozed into making a decision she wasn't comfortable with.
3. They bulldozed their plan through despite the opposition.

Similar Idioms:
"Force through," "Push around," "Strong-arm."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to coerce or overwhelm someone with forceful behavior. The term "bulldoze" originates from the literal use of a bulldozer but is metaphorically applied to describe domineering or aggressive tactics, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing pregnancy by likening it to baking a bun in an oven.

Meaning:
Pregnant.

Usage:

1. They just announced that she has a bun in the oven.
2. She suspected she had a bun in the oven after feeling unwell for days.
3. They were thrilled to find out they have a bun in the oven.

Similar Idioms:
"Expecting," "With child," "Pregnant."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone is pregnant. The idiom uses "bun" and "oven" as symbolic representations of a baby developing in the womb, making the meaning entirely non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing someone who is very anxious or nervous.

Meaning:
Very anxious or nervous.

Usage:

1. She was a bundle of nerves before her big presentation.
2. He felt like a bundle of nerves waiting for the interview results.
3. The team was a bundle of nerves before the championship game.

Similar Idioms:
"Nervous wreck," "On edge," "Anxious."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone who is extremely anxious or nervous. The idiom does not literally describe a "bundle" or nerves but uses these words metaphorically to describe a heightened state of anxiety, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century and symbolizes money being spent quickly and eagerly, as though it were burning a hole through one's pocket.

Meaning:
To spend money quickly and impulsively.

Usage:

1. That extra cash is burning a hole in his pocket.
2. Whenever she gets her paycheck, it burns a hole in her pocket.
3. The gift card burned a hole in their pockets until they used it.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Spend like wildfire," "Impulse buy," "Burn through cash."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone is eager to spend money quickly. The idiom does not refer to literal burning or holes in a pocket but uses these terms metaphorically to convey impatience or a strong desire to spend, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of destroying one's path or opportunities to return, much like burning a bridge behind you.

Meaning:
To act in a way that destroys any chance of returning to a previous situation.

Usage:

1. He burned his bridges with his former employer by leaving on bad terms.
2. She decided not to burn her bridges and left the job gracefully.
3. Don't burn your bridges by saying something you'll regret.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Cut ties," "Leave no way back," "Close doors."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to permanently sever relationships or opportunities. While the idiom originates from the literal act of burning bridges to prevent retreat, its common usage refers to irreversible actions in relationships or situations, making it non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the late 17th century, symbolizing the act of using up energy or resources quickly by doing too much at once.

Meaning:
To overwork oneself by doing too many things, especially late into the night and early in the morning.

Usage:

1. He’s burning the candle at both ends with his job and night classes.
2. She burned the candle at both ends to finish her thesis.
3. You'll burn out if you keep burning the candle at both ends.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overwork", "Exhaust oneself", "Push to the limit"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to overwork oneself by doing too much, especially at the expense of rest. The idiom does not literally involve a candle but uses the imagery of burning both ends to symbolize exhaustion and depletion, making the meaning figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the days when oil lamps were used for light, meaning one worked late into the night.

Meaning:
To work late into the night.

Usage:

1. She burned the midnight oil to finish her project on time.
2. The students burned the midnight oil studying for their exams.
3. He’s been burning the midnight oil to meet the deadline.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Work late", "Pull an all-nighter", "Grind"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to work late into the night. "Burning the midnight oil" uses the metaphor of oil lamps to symbolize the late hours of work, not a literal act of burning oil.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, symbolizing a question that is very important or urgent.

Meaning:
An urgent or very important question.

Usage:

1. The burning question is whether they'll accept the offer.
2. She asked the burning question everyone was thinking about.
3. The debate focused on the burning question of climate change.

Similar Idioms:
"Crucial question," "Pressing question," "Key issue."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means an urgent or pressing matter. The term "burning" is not literal but symbolizes intensity or urgency, making the phrase a non-literal expression of importance.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the idea of seams in clothing splitting due to being overfilled.

Meaning:
To be full to the point of overflowing.

Usage:

1. The auditorium was bursting at the seams with attendees.
2. Her closet is bursting at the seams with clothes.
3. The box was bursting at the seams with all the toys.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Overflow", "Packed", "Full to capacity"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be full or overflowing, often used in reference to things like crowds or emotions. The "seams" refer to the metaphorical limit of capacity, not a literal tearing apart of fabric.

Origin:
The image of a bubble bursting represents the sudden end of an illusion or false hope.

Meaning:
To bring someone back to reality by revealing a disappointing fact.

Usage:

1. I hate to burst your bubble, but the event is canceled.
2. She burst his bubble by telling him the truth about his chances.
3. The news article burst their bubble about the company’s future.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Shatter illusions", "Disillusion", "Bring down to earth"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to ruin someone's illusion or happiness, often abruptly. The "bubble" is a metaphor for a person's expectations or hopes, not an actual bubble.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the 19th century and symbolizes the act of ignoring or refusing to face a problem, similar to an ostrich supposedly burying its head in the sand.

Meaning:
To ignore or avoid facing a problem or difficult situation.

Usage:

1. He buried his head in the sand instead of dealing with his financial problems.
2. She can't keep burying her head in the sand about her health issues.
3. They accused the manager of burying his head in the sand regarding the team's conflicts.

Similar Idioms:
"Avoid reality," "Turn a blind eye," "Ignore the problem."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to ignore or avoid facing a problem. The idiom does not refer to the literal act of burying one's head but uses the metaphor of an ostrich-like behavior to describe denial or avoidance, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom comes from Native American traditions, where burying a hatchet symbolized peace.

Meaning:
To make peace or end a conflict.

Usage:

1. They decided to bury the hatchet and move on.
2. After years of rivalry, the two companies buried the hatchet.
3. It’s time to bury the hatchet and start fresh.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Make peace", "Resolve differences", "End conflict"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to make peace or resolve a conflict. The "hatchet" is metaphorical, representing the end of a dispute, not an actual tool being buried.

Origin:
This idiom originated in the late 19th century, referring to bus drivers who would spend their days off on bus trips, symbolizing a holiday spent doing something similar to one's work.

Meaning:
A holiday where one does the same kind of work as they do in their job.

Usage:

1. The chef spent his vacation cooking for friends, a real busman's holiday.
2. She took a busman's holiday by tutoring students during her break.
3. His busman's holiday involved photographing weddings, just like his job.

Similar Idioms:
"Work holiday," "Working vacation," "Job-related break."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means a vacation or time off spent doing work similar to one’s job. The term does not literally refer to a busman but uses the metaphor to describe someone continuing their usual tasks during leisure time, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of flattering someone to gain favor, akin to spreading butter smoothly.

Meaning:
To flatter someone to gain favor or advantage.

Usage:

1. He tried to butter up his boss before asking for a raise.
2. She buttered up the teacher hoping for a better grade.
3. They spent the evening buttering up the clients to secure the deal.

Similar Idioms:
"Flatter," "Curry favor," "Sweet-talk."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to flatter someone excessively to gain their favor. The idiom does not involve literal buttering but uses the metaphor of spreading something smooth to describe manipulative flattery, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of flattery to gain someone's favor, similar to spreading butter on bread.

Meaning:
To flatter someone in order to gain favor or advantage.

Usage:

1. He tried to butter up his manager before the performance review.
2. She buttered up her parents before asking for permission to go out.
3. They buttered up the interviewer to improve their chances of getting the job.

Similar Idioms:
"Sweet-talk," "Flatter," "Curry favor."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to ingratiate oneself with someone through excessive flattery. Like the previous idiom, it uses "butter" metaphorically, not literally, to describe a smoothing or pleasing action, making it non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century, symbolizing someone who appears innocent or demure but may be quite the opposite.

Meaning:
To appear innocent or demure while actually being unfeeling or insincere.

Usage:

1. She looks sweet, but butter wouldn't melt in her mouth when it comes to negotiations.
2. He acted as though butter wouldn't melt in his mouth, but he was plotting revenge.
3. They played the part of butter wouldn't melt in their mouths, while manipulating the situation.

Similar Idioms:
"Innocent facade," "Sweet exterior," "Appear demure."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means someone appears innocent or composed while possibly being insincere. The imagery of butter not melting implies coldness or composure, making the phrase metaphorical and non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the fluttery sensation of nervousness or excitement.

Meaning:
A feeling of nervousness.

Usage:

1. She had butterflies in her stomach before her speech.
2. He always gets butterflies in his stomach before a big game.
3. I had butterflies in my stomach waiting for the interview results.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Nervous", "Anxious", "On edge"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to feel nervous or anxious, often before an important event. The "butterflies" are a metaphor for the physical sensation of nervousness, not actual insects.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century, symbolizing a very small margin, akin to the thinness of a hair.

Meaning:
By a very small margin; narrowly.

Usage:

1. They avoided the accident by a hair's breadth.
2. He won the race by a hair's breadth.
3. She missed the deadline by a hair's breadth.

Similar Idioms:
"Narrowly," "By a whisker," "Close call."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means narrowly or just barely. The idiom does not refer to an actual hair but uses it metaphorically to represent a very small margin, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 14th century and originally referred to methods of obtaining wood from the forest.

Meaning:
By any means necessary, fair or foul.

Usage:

1. She was determined to succeed by hook or by crook.
2. They vowed to win the contract by hook or by crook.
3. He’ll get what he wants by hook or by crook.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
 "By any means", "Whatever it takes", "By fair means or foul"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to accomplish something by any means necessary, often implying unconventional or dishonest methods. "Hook" and "crook" are metaphorical, referring to various methods, not literal tools.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century, symbolizing something that is not possible or believable, no matter how much one tries to imagine it.

Meaning:
Not at all possible or believable.

Usage:

1. By no stretch of the imagination can he be considered an expert.
2. The plan was not, by any stretch of the imagination, feasible.
3. She could not, by any stretch of the imagination, have seen this coming.

Similar Idioms:
"No way," "Impossible," "Unthinkable."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means something is entirely implausible or unimaginable. The idiom does not refer to literal stretching or imagination but uses the terms metaphorically to emphasize improbability, making its meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom comes from the Bible, specifically the book of Job, and has been used since the 16th century to symbolize a very narrow escape or survival.

Meaning:
By a very narrow margin; barely.

Usage:

1. She passed the exam by the skin of her teeth.
2. He escaped the accident by the skin of his teeth.
3. We finished the project on time by the skin of our teeth.

Similar Idioms / Phrases:
"Barely," "Just in time," "By a hair's breadth."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means narrowly escaping or achieving something. The idiom does not refer to literal skin or teeth but uses these terms metaphorically to describe a very slim margin, making the meaning non-literal.